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Time spent outside of the hospital, CKD progression, and mortality: a prospective cohort study

  • Nephrology - Original Paper
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose

Home time—being out of any healthcare facility—has been proposed as a patient-centered outcome. This novel measure has not been investigated in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study is to determine whether there was an association between home time and occurrence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or all-cause mortality during 1 year of follow-up.

Methods

We assembled a prospective cohort of patients with CKD not requiring dialysis at the Nephrology Center of First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University between May 2014 and April 2017 and followed up for 1 year. Home time was calculated as the number of days spent out of a hospital, rehabilitation facility, or skilled nursing facility. Outcomes included progression to ESRD and all-cause mortality.

Results

Among 943 patients, 882 (93.5%) had complete follow-up through 1 year. Mean home time was 246.9 ± 126.7 days. In regression analysis, several patient characteristics were associated with significantly reduced home time, including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and albuminuria. Home time was strongly correlated with time-to-event endpoints of ESRD (τ=0.324) and all-cause mortality (τ=0.785).

Conclusions

Home time is significantly reduced for patients with CKD not requiring dialysis and is highly correlated with traditional time-to-event endpoints. Home time serves as a novel, easily calculated, patient-centered outcome that may reflect effect of interventions on future CKD research.

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Data availability

The present analysis involved routinely collected institutional data.

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Funding

This work was funded by a grant from the Jiaxing Municipal Sci-Tech Bureau Program (2018AD32066).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing, 314000, China

    Lin Zhang, Heng-Lan Wu, Hai-Feng Yu & Jun-Liang Zhou

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  1. Lin Zhang
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  2. Heng-Lan Wu
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  4. Jun-Liang Zhou
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Contributions

JZ conceived and designed the study; HW and HY prepared the samples and analyzed the data; LZ drafted the paper; JZ revised the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jun-Liang Zhou.

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The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

The Ethics Committee of First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University approved study protocols which adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.

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Written informed consents were obtained from all participants prior to enrollment.

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Zhang, L., Wu, HL., Yu, HF. et al. Time spent outside of the hospital, CKD progression, and mortality: a prospective cohort study. Int Urol Nephrol 53, 1659–1663 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-020-02749-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-020-02749-8

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