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Gut microbiota and chronic kidney disease: implications for novel mechanistic insights and therapeutic strategies

  • Nephrology - Review
  • Published:
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Abstract

The complicated communities of microbiota colonizing the human gastrointestinal tract exert a strong function in health maintenance and disease prevention. Indeed, accumulating evidence has indicated that the intestinal microbiota plays a key role in the pathogenesis and development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Modulation of the gut microbiome composition in CKD may contribute to the accumulation of gut-derived uremic toxins, high circulating level of lipopolysaccharides and immune deregulation, all of which play a critical role in the pathogenesis of CKD and CKD-associated complications. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on the potential impact of gut microbiota in CKD and the underlying mechanisms by which microbiota can influence kidney diseases and vice versa. Additionally, the potential efficacy of pre-, pro- and synbiotics in the restoration of healthy gut microbia is described in detail to provide future directions for research.

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Abbreviations

BUN:

Blood urea nitrogen

CKD:

Chronic kidney disease

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

DMA:

Dimethylamine

ESKD:

End-stage kidney disease

GFR:

Glomerular filtration rate

GIT:

Gastrointestinal tract

GLP-1:

Glucagon-like peptide 1

GOSs:

Galacto-oligosaccharides

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

IS:

Indoxyl sulfate

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharides

NKT:

Natural killer T

PCS:

P-cresyl sulfate

PYY:

Peptide YY

RS:

Resistant starch

SCFAs:

Short-chain fatty acids

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Acknowledgements

We thank Yue Cai for critical review and important intellectual contributions to the final version of the manuscript.

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  1. Wei Pan and Yongbo Kang have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China

    Wei Pan

  2. Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China

    Yongbo Kang

  3. Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China

    Yongbo Kang

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  1. Wei Pan
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  2. Yongbo Kang
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Correspondence to Yongbo Kang.

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Pan, W., Kang, Y. Gut microbiota and chronic kidney disease: implications for novel mechanistic insights and therapeutic strategies. Int Urol Nephrol 50, 289–299 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-017-1689-5

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