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Current status of ruminant anaplasmosis in Algeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Abstract

Anaplasmosis is an emerging infectious disease that is being recognised all over the world, with impact on animal health.This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the rate infection of Anaplasma spp. infection in Algerian ruminants. Three databases were searched to identify eligible studies for the final systematic review and meta-analysis. The 'meta' package in the R software was used for the meta-analysis, and the random effects model was chosen to pool the data. Meta-analysis encompasses 14 research papers spanning 19 years (2004–2023), out of an initial pool of 737 articles retrieved from various databases. The study included a total of 1515 cattle, 190 sheep, and 310 goats, and the overall Anaplasma infection rate was estimated at 28% (95% CI, 17–41%). The analysis revealed varying infection rates among species, with cattle at 20%, sheep at 30%, and goats at 61%. Five classified species and two unclassified strains belonging to Anaplasma genus were identified in ruminants, which are A. marginale, A. centrale, A. bovis, A. ovis, A. phagocytophilum, A. phagocytophilum-like strains, and A. platys-like strains. Among these, A. marginale was prevalent in ten out of eleven cattle studies. The data also revealed regional variations, with Northeastern Algeria showing a higher infection rate (26%) compared to North-central Algeria (9%). In the subgroup analysis, clinically healthy cattle had a higher infection rate (28%) compared to suspected disease cattle (16%). Molecular biology screening methods yielded a significantly higher infection rate (33%) than microscopy (12%). Gender analysis suggested slightly higher infection rates among male cattle (19%) compared to females (16%). Age analysis indicated that Anaplasma infection was more common in cattle less than 12 months (14%) compared to those over 12 months (9%). This systematic review provides valuable insights, highlighting the need for continued surveillance and potential preventive strategies in different regions and among different animal populations in Algeria.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank all authors whose articles are included in this study.

Funding

No funding was received for the conduct of this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Chadli Bendjedid University- El-Tarf, B.P 73, 36000, El-Tarf, Algeria

    Amir Nahal

  2. Laboratory of Microbiology, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, 2010, Manouba, Tunisia

    Mourad Ben Said

  3. Department of Basic Sciences, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, 2010, Manouba, Tunisia

    Mourad Ben Said

  4. Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Street of Soumâa, University Sâad Dahlab Blida 1, BP 270, 09000, Blida, Algeria

    Nassim Ouchene

  5. Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials Interfaces Applied to the Environment, Sâad Dahlab University of Blida, 1, Street Soumâa, BP 270, 09000, Blida, Algeria

    Nassim Ouchene

Authors
  1. Amir Nahal
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  2. Mourad Ben Said
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  3. Nassim Ouchene
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Contributions

AN designed the study, conducted literature research, collected, analyzed and interpreted data. AN wrote the original draft. MBS, AN, and ON edited and finalized the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Amir Nahal.

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Nahal, A., Ben Said, M. & Ouchene, N. Current status of ruminant anaplasmosis in Algeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Trop Anim Health Prod 56, 164 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-024-04010-1

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