Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Photoperiod manipulation improves growth performance, haematological indices and economic returns of Indian butter catfish, Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch, 1794)

  • Regular Articles
  • Published:
Tropical Animal Health and Production Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Photoperiod manipulation is emerging as an effective approach for regulating physiological functions in fish. This study aimed to assess the impact of photoperiod on the growth performance, haematological responses, and economic returns of the endangered and highly valued Indian butter catfish, Ompok bimaculatus. Fish with an average body weight of 28.60 ± 4.78 g were randomly placed in six FRP tanks, each measuring 120 × 45 × 60 cm3. Each tank contained 20 fish exposed to a light intensity of 1500 lx under different photoperiods [24:0 light: dark (L: D), 15 L: 9D, 12 L: 12D, 9 L: 15D, 0 L: 24D and a natural photoperiod (control)], and fed at a daily rate of 2% of their body weight twice daily for 60 days. The fish in the 15 L: 9D photoperiod exhibited the highest final weight (g), percentage weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and survival rate, while the lowest was displayed in 24 L: 0D photoperiod group. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was at its lowest in the catfish subjected to the 15 L: 9D photoperiod. Regarding haematological parameters, the 15 L: 9D photoperiod group showed higher total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, haemoglobin levels, and haematocrit values compared to the other groups. Conversely, the 0 L: 24D group, which experienced prolonged darkness, exhibited the lowest values in these parameters. Moreover, the 24 L: 0D, 9 L: 15D, and 0 L: 24D groups displayed a lower mean corpuscular volume (MCV) but higher mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) when compared to the control group. The economic analysis revealed that O. bimaculatus reared in a moderate photoperiod (15 L: 9D) displayed better growth, feed utilization, and overall health. This finding suggests that adopting a 15 L: 9D photoperiod can lead to enhanced production and improved economic returns for farmers culturing this high-value catfish in the future.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Available upon request from the corresponding author of this article.

References

  • Abdollahpour, H., Falahatkar, B., Lawrence, C., 2020. The effect of photoperiod on growth and spawning performance of zebrafish, Danio rerio. Aquaculture Reports, 17, 100295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed, I., Reshi, Q.M., Fazio, F., 2020. The influence of the endogenous and exogenous factors on hematological parameters in different fish species: a review. Aquaculture International, 28(3), 869–899.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akinrotimi, O.A., Uedeme-na, A.B., Agokei, E.O., 2010. Effects of acclimation on haematological parameters of Tilapia guineensis (Bleeker, 1862). Science world journal, 5(4), 1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alam, S.M.D., Karim, M.H., Chakrabortty, A., Amin, R., Hasan, S., 2016. Investigation of nutritional status of the butter catfish Ompok bimaculatus: an important freshwater fish species in the diet of common Bangladeshi people. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 5(1), 62–67.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ali, H., Rahman, M.M., Murshed-e-Jahan, K. and Dhar, G.C., 2018. Production economics of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Sauvage, 1878) farming under polyculture system in Bangladesh. Aquaculture, 491, 381–390.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Almazan-Rueda, P., Helmond, A.T.M., Verreth, J.A.J., Schrama, J.W., 2005. Photoperiod afects growth, behaviour and stress variables in Clarias gariepinus. Journal of Fish Biology, 67,1029–1039. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00806.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alwan, S.F., Hadi, A.A., Shokr, A.E., 2009. Alterations in haematological parameter of fresh water fish Tilapia Zilli exposed to Aluminium. Journal of Science and Its Applications, 3(1), 12–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asaduzzaman, M., Hossain, M.A., Sohel, M.İ.A.N., Iqbal, M.M., 2022. Effects of Salinity on Growth Performance and Blood Parameters of Butter Catfish, Ompok bimaculatus. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 37(2), 58–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bani, A., Tabarsa, M., Falahatkar, B., Banan, A., 2009. Efects of diferent photoperiods on growth, stress and haematological parameters in juvenile great sturgeon Huso huso. Aquaculture Research 40, 1899–1907. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02321.x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biswas, A.K., Maita, M., Yoshizaki, G., Takeuchi, T., 2004. Physiological responses in Nile tilapia exposed to different photoperiod regimes. Journal of Fish Biology, 65(3), 811–821.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biswas, A.K., Seoka, M., Takii, K., Maita, M., Kumai, H., 2006. Effect of photoperiod manipulation on the growth performance and stress response of juvenile red sea bream (Pagrus major). Aquaculture, 258, 350–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boeuf, G., Le Bail, P.Y., 1999. Does light have an influence on fish growth?. Aquaculture, 177(1-4), 129-152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, T.W., Murru, F., 1990. An introduction to fish hematology. Compendium of Continuing Education inVeterinary Science, 12, 525–533.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dacie, J.V., Lewis, S.M., 2001. Practical Haematology (9th edition). Churchill Livingstone, London.

  • El-Sayed, A.F.M., Kawanna, M., 2004. Effects of photoperiod on the performance of farmed Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus: growth, feed utilization efficiency and survival of fry and fingerlings. Aquaculture, 231(1–4), 393–402.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emelike, F.O., Odeyenuma, C., Jeremiah, Z.A., Obigwe, B.U., 2008. The use of anti-coagulated and defibrinated blood samples for the evaluation of red cell osmotic fragility. International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 4(2), 204–208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ezeri, G.N.O., Opabunmi, O.O., 2004, Influence of sex, source, health status and acclimation on the haematology of Clarias gariepinus (Burch, 1822). African Journal of Biotechnology, 3(9).

  • Fantini-Hoag, L., Hanson, T., Kubitza, F., Povh, J.A., Corrêa Filho, R.A.C. and Chappell, J., 2022. Growth performance and economic analysis of hybrid Catfish (Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus♀× Blue Catfish, I. furcatus♂) and Channel Catfish (I. punctatus) produced in floating In-Pond Raceway System. Aquaculture Reports, 23, 101065.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Folkword, A., Ottera, H., 1993, Effects of initial size distribution, day length and feeding frequency on growth, survival and cannibalism in juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L). Aquaculture, 114(1–4), 243–260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Güroy, B., Mantoğlu, S., Kayalı, S., Şahin, İ., 2014. Effect of dietary Yucca schidigera extract on growth, total ammonia–nitrogen excretion and haematological parameters of juvenile striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Aquaculture research, 45(4), 647–654.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guyton, A.C., Hall, J.E., 2005, Destruction of red blood cells. Haemolytic anoema. Medical Physiology, 10th ed. Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp. 388–389.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoque, F., Abraham, T. J., Joardar, S. N., Paria, P., Behera, B. K., Das, B. K., 2022. Effects of dietary supplementation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa FARP72 on the immunomodulation and resistance to Edwardsiella tarda in Pangasius pangasius. Fish and Shellfish Immunology Reports, 3, 100071.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Imsland, A., Folkvord, A.F., Steffansson, S.O., 1995. Growth, oxygen consumption and activity of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) reared under different temperatures and photoperiods. Netherlands Journal of Sea, 34(1–3), 149–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Imsland, A.K., Folkvord, A.F., Jo´nsdo´ttir, O.D.B., Steffansson, S.O., 1997, Effects of exposure of extended photoperiods during the first winter on long-term growth and age at first maturity in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Aquaculture, 159(1–2), 125–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Islam, M.R., Hossain, M.A., Afrose, F., Roy, N. C., Iqbal, M.M., 2022. Effect of temperature on the growth performance, haematological properties and histomorphology of gill, intestine and liver tissues in juvenile butter catfish Ompok bimaculatus. Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries, 2(4), 277–286.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kitagawa, A.T., Costa, L.S., Paulino, R.R., Luz, R.K., Rosa, P.V., Guerra-Santos, B., Fortes-Silva, R., 2015. Feeding behavior and the effect of photoperiod on the performance and hematological parameters of the pacamã catfish (Lophiosilurus alexandri). Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 171, 211–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leonardi, M.O., Klempau, A.E., 2003. Artifcial photoperiod infuence on the immune system of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the southern hemisphere. Aquaculture, 221, 581–591.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Majhi, S.S., Singh, S.K., Biswas, P., Debbarma, R., Parhi, J., Ngasotter, S., Waikhom, G., Meena, D.K., Devi, A.G., Mahanand, S.S., Xavier, K.A.M., Patel, A.B., 2023. Effect of stocking density on growth, water quality changes and cost efficiency of butter catfish (Ompok bimaculatus) during seed rearing in a biofloc system. Fishes, 8, 61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malini, D.M., Apriliandri, A.F., Arista, S., 2018. Increased blood glucose level on pelagic fish as response to environmental disturbances at east coast Pangandaran, West Java. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 166, 012011 https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/166/1/012011

  • Manduca, L.G., Silva, M.A., Alvarenga, F.R., Alves, G.F.O., Ferreira, N.H., Teixeira, E.A., Fernandes, A.F.A., Turra, E.M., 2021. Effects of different stocking densities on Nile tilapia performance and profitability of a biofloc system with a minimum water exchange. Aquaculture, 530, 735814.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Munni, M.J., Akther, K.R., Ahmed, S., Hossain, M.A., Roy, N.C., 2023. Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics as an Alternative to Antibiotics on Growth and Blood Profile of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture Research, 2023.

  • Mustapha, M., Okafor, B., Olaoti, K., Oyelakin, O., 2012. Effects of three different photoperiods on the growth and body coloration of juvenile African catfish, (Burchell). Fisheries & Aquatic Life, 20(1), 55–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng, H.H., Tenzin, K., Pal, M., 2010. Ompok bimaculatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

  • Okomoda, V.T., Koh, I.C.C., Hassan, A., Amornsakun, T., Shahreza, M.S., 2018. Hematological parameters of pure and reciprocal crosses of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) and Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Comparative Clinical Pathology, 27(3), 549–554.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rawat, A., Mishra, A., Sarkar, U.K., Kumar, R., Verma, S., 2018. Gonadal maturity assessment of butter catfish (Ompok bimaculatus) from Indian major rivers and tributaries during spawning season. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 17(3), 458–470.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riauwaty, M., Putra, R.M., Simarmata, A.H., 2019. Biological aspects of Pangasius hypopthalmus reared under controlled photoperiod. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. IOP Publishing. 348(1), 012050.

  • Roy, L.A., Hanson, T.R., Bott, L.B. and Chappell, J.A., 2019. Production and economic comparison of single versus multiple harvests of hybrid catfish in a commercial In-pond raceway system in West Alabama targeting two market outlets. JSAFWA. 6, 58–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samuel, P.O., Nuraini, U., Ayanwale, A.V., Muhammed, A.Z., Mgbemena, S.A., 2021. Effects of photoperiod regimes on growth performance of Heterobranchus bidorsalis (Geoffrey St. Hilaire, 1809) fingerlings under laboratory conditions. Journal of Aquaculture and Fisheries, 5, 37–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saunders, R.L., Henderson, E.B., Harmon, P.R., 1985. Effects of photoperiod on juvenile growth and smolting of Atlantic salmon and subsequent survival and growth in sea cages. Aquaculture, 45, 55–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shahjahan, M., Al-Emran, M., Islam, S.M., Baten, S.A., Rashid, H., Haque, M.M., 2020. Prolonged photoperiod inhibits growth and reproductive functions of rohu Labeo rohita. Aquaculture Reports, 16, 100272.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shen, Y., Wang, D., Zhao, J., Chen, X., 2018. Fish red blood cells express immune genes and responses. Aquaculture and Fisheries, 3(1), 14–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simensen, L.M., Jonassen, T.M., Imsland, A.K., Stefansson, S.O., 2000. Photoperiod regulation of growth of juvenile Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.). Aquaculture, 190(1–2), 119–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, K.M., Saha, S., Gupta, B.B.P., 2017. Season-dependent effects of photoperiod and temperature on circadian rhythm of arylalkylamine Nacetyltransferase2 gene expression in pineal organ of an air-breathing catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 173, 140–149.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Soegianto, A., Adhim, M.D.H., Zainuddin, A., Putranto, T.W.C., Irawan, B., 2017. Effect of different salinity on serum osmolality, ion levels and hematological parameters of East Java strain tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Marine and freshwater behaviour and physiology, 50(2), 105–113.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, S.G., Okomoda, V.T., 2012a. Effects of photoperiod on the haematological parameters of Clarias Gariepinus fingerlings reared in water recirculatory system. Journal Stress Physiology Biochemistry, 8(3), 247–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, S.G., Okomoda, V.T., 2012b. Effect of photoperiod on some biological parameters of Clarias gariepinus juvenile. Journal Stress Physiology Biochemistry, 8(4), 47–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, S.G., Okomoda, V.T., 2012c. Effects of photoperiod on the haematological parameters of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings reared in water recirculatory system. Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry, 8(3), 247–253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava, S., Sanjeev, K., 2010. Effect of artificial photoperiod on the blood cell indices of the catfish, Clarias batrachus. Journal of Stress Physiology and Biochemistry, 6(1), 22–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava, S., Choudhary, K., 2010. Effect of artificial photoperiod on the blood cell indices of the catfish, Clarias batrachus. Department of Zoology, MM(P.G.) College, Modinagar (C.C.S. University, Meerut), INDIA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tavares-Dias, M., Moraes, F.R., 2004. Haematology in Teleost fish. Sao Paulo: Ribeirao Preto (in Portuguese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tavares-Dias, M., Moraes, F.R., 2007. Leukocyte and thrombocyte reference values for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Raf.), with an assessment of morphological, cytochemical and ultrastructural features. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 36, 49–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trippel, E.A., Neil, S.R.E., 2002. Effect of photoperiod and light intensity on growth and activity of juvenile haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). Aquaculture, 217, 633–645.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valenzuela, A.E., Silva, V.M., Klempau, A.E., 2007. Some changes in the haematological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to three artificial photoperiod regimes. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 33(1), 35–48.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valenzuela, A.E., Silva, V.M., Klempau, A.E., 2008, Effects of different artificial photoperiods and temperatures on haematological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish physiology and biochemistry, 34(2), 159–167.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Villamizar, N., Blanco-Vives, B., Migaud, H., Davie, A., Carboni, S., Sánchez-Vázquez, F.J., 2011. Effects of light during early larval development of some aquacultured teleosts: A review. Aquaculture, 315, 86–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, K., Li, K., Liu, L., Tanase, C., Mols, R., van der Meer, M., 2020. Effects of light intensity and photoperiod on the growth and stress response of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in a recirculating aquaculture system. Aquaculture and Fisheries, 27, 11–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Witeska, M., 2013. Erythrocytes in teleost fishes: a review. Zoology and Ecology, 23(4), 275–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Witeska, M., Biardzka, J., Kniaz, J., 2017. The effects of heparin concentration, storage time, and temperature on the values of hematological parameters in Cyprinus carpio. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 41, 351–356.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Witeska, M., Kondera, E., Ługowska, K., Bojarski, B., 2022. Hematological methods in fish–Not only for beginners. Aquaculture, 547, 737498.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Director of the ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture in Bhubaneswar, India, for the provision of essential research facilities and support. Additionally, the authors express their heartfelt gratitude to the Vice-Chancellor of the West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences in Kolkata for providing necessary infrastructure and support for this research.

Funding

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India (Grant No. BT/PR25141/NER/95/1039/2017) for this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Regional Research Station - Rahara, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kolkata, India

    Farhana Hoque, Munusamy Ajithkumar, Parthapratim Chakrabarti, Ajmal Hussan & Arabinda Das

  2. Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India

    Abhijit Das & Gadadhar Dash

  3. Adaptation et Santé des Invertbrs Marins (ASIM), IFREMER, La Tremblade, France

    Munusamy Ajithkumar

  4. ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, India

    Jitendra Kumar Sundaray

  5. ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Saltlake, Kolkata, India

    Gouranga Biswas

Authors
  1. Farhana Hoque
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Abhijit Das
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Munusamy Ajithkumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jitendra Kumar Sundaray
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Parthapratim Chakrabarti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Ajmal Hussan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Arabinda Das
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Gadadhar Dash
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Gouranga Biswas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Farhana Hoque: Conceptualization; methodology; formal analysis; writing—original draft preparation; supervision. Abhijit Das and Munusamy Ajithkumar: Data curation; methodology; writing— draft preparation; review and editing. Jitendra Kumar Sundaray: Funding acquisition; conceptualization; resources; writing—review and editing Parthapratim Chakrabarti: Writing—review and editing; supervision; Gadadhar Dash, Ajmal Hussan and Arabinda Das: Resource acquisition. Gouranga Biswas: Writing- Review and Editing. All authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript for publication.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jitendra Kumar Sundaray.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Institutional review board statement

The study was conducted according to the guidelines and policies of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC) of ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, India.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary Material 1

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hoque, F., Das, A., Ajithkumar, M. et al. Photoperiod manipulation improves growth performance, haematological indices and economic returns of Indian butter catfish, Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch, 1794). Trop Anim Health Prod 56, 125 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-024-03981-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-024-03981-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation