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Assessment of genetic diversity and relationship of the two Sanga type cattle of Botswana based on microsatellite markers

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Abstract

The study was performed to evaluate genetic variation on two Sanga type cattle found in Botswana: Tswana and Tuli using twelve microsatellite markers. All amplified loci were polymorphic with 75 and 77 alleles genotyped in the Tswana and Tuli populations, respectively. The total number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 (BM1818) to 10 (TGLA227) with total mean of 6.25 for Tswana and 6.43 for Tuli population. Almost all the markers showed high polymorphic information content (PIC) apart from BM1818 (0.375) and INRA23 (0.393) which were moderately informative in Tswana population. Most of the markers were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium except for CSSRM60 and CSSM66 loci in Tswana population and ETH10, ETH225 and CSSM66 loci in Tuli population. A total of 103 unique alleles were genotyped across the two breeds with 49-shared, and 26 and 28 were unique to Tswana and Tuli populations, respectively. The expected heterozygosity (He) values were higher than the observed heterozygosity (Ho) in both populations: Tswana (He = 0.7895 ± 0.033 vs Ho = 0.631 ± 0.091) and Tuli (He = 0.8123 ± 0.033 vs Ho = 0.556 ± 0.021). The inbreeding coefficient was 0.200 ± 0.002 and 0.332 ± 0.001 in Tswana and Tuli populations, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance revealed 6.8% of the total genetic variation corresponding to differences between the two breeds and 93.2% within populations. The genetic identity between the two breeds was 56% and there were similar levels of multilocus heterozygosity and allelic diversity in the two breeds. The use of Tswana and Tuli breeds in a crossbreeding programme is likely to result in minimal heterosis and therefore not recommended.

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The analysed data is available upon request from the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Agricultural Research Council-Animal Production Institute for availing their laboratory (equipment and reagents) for microsatellite marker amplification and for further assisting with data analysis.

Funding

The study was funded by Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Science, Department of Animal Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone, Botswana

    T. Bakae, P. I. Monau, S. J. Nsoso & P. M. Kgwatalala

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  1. T. Bakae
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  2. P. I. Monau
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  3. S. J. Nsoso
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  4. P. M. Kgwatalala
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TB, SJN and PMK conceptualised the research problem. TB developed the proposal, collected and analysed data. PIM structured the manuscript and SJN and PMK edited the manuscript.

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Correspondence to P. I. Monau.

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The blood samples were collected with the assistance of the veterinary officer following animal welfare protocols.

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Bakae, T., Monau, P.I., Nsoso, S.J. et al. Assessment of genetic diversity and relationship of the two Sanga type cattle of Botswana based on microsatellite markers. Trop Anim Health Prod 54, 210 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-022-03212-9

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