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Molecular characterization and pathogenicity of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus isolated from naturally infected turkey poults in Egypt

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Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the molecular characterization and pathogenicity of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) isolated from naturally infected turkey poults and possible spread to chickens. Thirty samples were collected from turkey poults in the vicinity or in the same backyards with chickens suspected to be infected with IBDV and from live bird markets from different localities in Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. There were no obvious clinical signs in tested turkey poults except dehydration and whitish diarrhoea in some birds with no mortality, and post-mortem lesions were observed in few birds as atrophied bursae, nephritis and petechial haemorrhages on thigh muscles. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry were used for identification of the IBDV. Out of 30 tested samples, 17 samples (56.7%) were positive by RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of VP2 gene of two selected IBDV strains (turkey 1 and turkey 2) showed a close genetic relationship to vvIBDV strains (serotype 1) isolated from chickens in Egypt and other countries with 93.1 to 95.99% identity for turkey 1 strain and 95.54 to 98.51% for turkey 2 strain. Both turkey 1 and turkey 2 strains were closely related to the Nigerian vvIBDV strain isolated from turkeys with 95.78% and 96.37% identity, respectively. Sequence analysis of both strains demonstrated that they have conserved amino acid residues of vvIBDV (I242, I294 and S299) and Y220F amino acid substitution which is very common in Egyptian vvIBDV chicken strains, while Turkey 1 strain has amino acid substitutions at A222P and I256V. Histopathological examination showed marked depletion of bursal lymphoid tissue. In conclusion, for the first time in Egypt, the molecular characterization and pathogenicity confirmed the presence of natural infection of turkey poults with vvIBDV (serotype 1) with possible spread to chickens causing severe economic losses.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Departments of Virology, Poultry diseases, and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University and Animal Health Research Institute, Egypt, for their help, facilities and support in this study. Egyptian knowledge bank (EKB) is thanked for the proof editing of the manuscript obtained from the nature research editing service.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

    Samah M. Mosad & Mohamed El-Tholoth

  2. Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, PO Box: 35516, Mansoura, Egypt

    Abdelfattah H. Eladl

  3. Department of Pathology, Animal Health Research Institute, Mansoura, Egypt

    Hanaa S. Ali

  4. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

    Mohamed F. Hamed

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  1. Samah M. Mosad
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Correspondence to Abdelfattah H. Eladl.

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The bird procedures and experiment were performed and reared under ‘Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals’ that was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University.

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Mosad, S.M., Eladl, A.H., El-Tholoth, M. et al. Molecular characterization and pathogenicity of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus isolated from naturally infected turkey poults in Egypt. Trop Anim Health Prod 52, 3819–3831 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02420-5

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