Abstract
An ammonium succinate protic ionic liquid (PIL) has been used as additive in water and as base lubricant for graphene dispersions in sapphire-stainless steel lubrication. The tribological performance of a water-based lubricant containing the PIL additive di[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium] succinate (DSu) in 1 wt% proportion (Water + DSu) has been studied. Both neat DSu and Water + DSu lubricants present a high friction coefficient during the running-in period. Elimination of the running-in high friction period has been achieved with a DSu layer generated on the steel surface by evaporation of water, before the sliding begins. This DSu surface layer reduces the wear rate in two orders of magnitude with respect to full-fluid Water + DSu and to neat DSu lubricants. The high friction running-in period can also be eliminated by the addition of 0.05 wt% few-layers graphene (G) to DSu. The new (DSu + 0.05G) nanolubricant also prevents wear and surface damage on stainless steel. Surface interactions are discussed from contact angles, SEM and TEM microscopies, XPS surface analysis, and Raman microscopy results.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ye, C., Liu, W., Chen, Y., Yu, L.: Room-temperature ionic liquids: a novel versatile lubricant. Chem. Comm. 21, 2244–2245 (2001)
Bermudez, M.D., Jimenez, A.E., Sanes, J., Carrion, F.J.: Ionic liquids as advanced lubricant fluids. Molecules 14, 2888–2908 (2009)
Minami, I.: Ionic liquids in tribology. Molecules 14, 2286–2305 (2009)
Zhou, F., Liang, Y.M., Liu, W.M.: Ionic liquid lubricants: designed chemistry for engineering applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. 38, 2590–2599 (2009)
Torimoto, T., Tsuda, T., Okazaki, K., Kuwabata, S.: New frontiers in materials science opened by ionic liquids. Adv. Mater. 22, 1122–1126 (2010)
Schlucker, E., Wasserscheid, P.: Ionic liquids in mechanical engineering. Chem. Ing. Tech. 83, 1476–1484 (2011)
Somers, A.E., Howlett, P.C., MacFarlane, D.R., Forsyth, M.: A review of ionic liquid lubricants. Lubricants 1, 3–21 (2013)
Xiao, H.: Ionic liquid lubricants: basics and applications. Tribol. Trans. 60, 20–30 (2017)
Amiril, S.A., Rahim, E.A., Syahrullail, S.: A review on ionic liquids as sustainable lubricants in manufacturing and engineering. Recent research, performance and applications. J. Cleaner Prod. 168, 1571–1589 (2017)
Zhou, Y., Qu, J.: Ionic liquids as lubricant additives: a review. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9, 3209–3222 (2017)
Sanes, J., Aviles, M.D., Saurin, N., Espinosa, T., Carrion, F.J., Bermudez, M.D.: Synergy between graphene and ionic liquid lubricant additives. Tribol. Int. 116, 371–382 (2017)
Aviles, M.D., Saurin, N., Sanes, J., Carrion, F.J., Bermudez, M.D.: Ionanocarbon lubricants. The combination of ionic liquids and carbon nanophases in tribology. Lubricants 5, 14 (2017)
Saurin, N., Espinosa, T., Sanes, J., Carrion, F.J., Bermudez, M.D.: Ionic nanofluids in tribology. Lubricants 3, 650–663 (2015)
Bermudez, M.D., Jimenez, A.E., Martinez-Nicolas, G.: Study of surface interactions of ionic liquids with aluminium alloys in corrosion and erosion-corrosion processes. Appl. Surf. Sci. 253, 7295–7302 (2007)
Saurin, N., Minami, I., Sanes, J., Bermudez, M.D.: Study of the effect of tribo-materials and surface finish on the lubricant performance of new halogen-free room temperature ionic liquids. Appl. Surf. Sci. 366, 464–474 (2016)
Nyberg, E., Respatiningsih, C.Y., Minami, I.: Molecular design of advanced base fluids: hydrocarbon-mimicking ionic liquids. RSC Adv. 7, 6364–6373 (2017)
Espinosa, T., Sanes, J., Bermudez, M.D.: New alkylether–thiazolium room-temperature ionic liquid lubricants: surface interactions and tribological performance. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8, 18631–18639 (2016)
Somers, A., Yunis, R., Armand, M., Pringle, J., MacFarlane, D., Forsyth, M.: Towards phosphorus-free ionic liquid antiwear lubricant additives. Lubricants 4, 22 (2016)
Syahir, A.Z., Zulkifli, N.W.M., Masjuki, H.H., Kalam, M.A., Alabdulkarem, A., Gulzar, M., Khuong, L.S., Harith, M.H.: A review on bio-based lubricants and their applications. J. Clean. Prod. 168, 997–1016 (2017)
Song, Z.H., Liang, Y.M., Fan, M.J., Zhou, F., Liu, W.M.: Ionic liquids from amino acids: fully green fluid lubricants for various surface contacts. RSC Adv. 4, 19396–19402 (2014)
Greaves, T.L., Drummond, C.J.: Protic ionic liquids: properties and applications. Chem. Rev. 108, 206–237 (2008)
Ortega, M.R., Parise, K., Ramos, L.B., Boff, U., Mattedi, S., Schaeffer, L., Malfatti, C.F.: Protic ionic liquids used as metal-forming green lubricants for aluminum: effect of anion chain length. Mater. Res. 20, 675–687 (2017)
Shi, Y., Larsson, R.: Non-corrosive and biomaterials protic ionic liquids with high lubricating performance. Tribol. Lett. 63, 1 (2016)
Alvarez, V.H., Dosil, N., Gonzalez-Cabaleiro, R., Mattedi, S., Martin-Pastor, M., Iglesias, M., Navaza, J.M.: Brønsted ionic liquids for sustainable processes: synthesis and physical properties. J. Chem. Eng. Data 55, 625–632 (2010)
Iglesias, M., Gonzalez-Olmos, R., Cota, I., Medina, F.: Brønsted ionic liquids: study of physico-chemical properties and catalytic activity in aldol condensations. Chem. Eng. J. 162, 802–808 (2010)
Espinosa, T., Sanes, J., Jimenez, A.E., Bermudez, M.D.: Surface interactions, corrosion processes and lubricating performance of protic and aprotic ionic liquids with OFHC copper. Appl. Surf. Sci. 273, 578–597 (2013)
Espinosa, T., Sanes, J., Jimenez, A.E., Bermudez, M.D.: Protic ammonium carboxylate ionic liquid lubricants of OFHC copper. Wear 303, 495–509 (2013)
Saurin, N., Sanes, J., Bermudez, M.D.: New graphene/ionic liquid nanolubricants. Mater. Today-Proc. 3, S227–S232 (2016)
Aviles, M.D., Saurin, N., Espinosa, T., Sanes, J., Arias-Pardilla, J., Carrion, F.J., Bermudez, M.D.: Self-lubricating, wear resistant protic ionic liquid-epoxy resin. Express Polym. Lett. 11, 219–229 (2017)
Fajardo, O.Y., Bresme, F., Kornyshev, A.A., Urbakh, M.: Water in ionic liquid lubricants: friend and foe. ACS Nano. 11, 6825–6831 (2017)
Xie, G., Liu, S., Guo, D., Wang, Q., Luo, J.: Investigation of the running-in process and friction coefficient under the lubrication of ionic liquid/water mixture. Appl. Surf. Sci. 255, 6408–6414 (2009)
Espinosa-Marzal, R.M., Arcifa, A., Rossi, A., Spencer, N.D.: Ionic liquids confined in hydrophilic nanocontacts: structure and lubricity in the presence of water. J. Phys. Chem. C 118, 6491–6503 (2014)
Arcifa, A., Rossi, A., Ramakrishna, S.N., Espinosa-Marzal, R., Sheehan, A., Spencer, N.D.: Lubrication of si-based tribopairs with a hydrophobic ionic liquid: the multiscale influence of water. J. Phys. Chem. C 122, 7331–7343 (2018)
Phillips, B.S., Zabinski, J.S.: Ionic liquid lubrication effects on ceramics in a water environment. Tribol. Lett. 17, 533–541 (2004)
Omotowa, B.A., Phillips, B.S., Zabinski, J.S., Shreeve, J.M.: Phosphazene-based ionic liquids: synthesis, temperature-dependent viscosity, and effect as additives in water lubrication of silicon nitride ceramics. Inorg. Chem. 43, 5466–5471 (2004)
Espinosa, T., Jimenez, M., Sanes, J., Jimenez, A.E., Iglesias, M., Bermudez, M.D.: Ultra-low friction with a protic ionic liquid boundary film at the water-lubricated sapphire-stainless steel interface. Tribol. Lett. 53, 1–9 (2014)
Aviles, M.D., Carrion, F.J., Sanes, J., Bermudez, M.D.: Effects of protic ionic liuqid cristal additives on the water-lubricated sliding wear and friction of sapphire against stainless steel. Wear 408–409, 56–64 (2018)
Saurin, N., Aviles, M.D., Espinosa, T., Sanes, J., Carrion, F.J., Bermudez, M.D., Iglesias, P.: Carbon nanophases in ordered nanofluid lubricants. Wear 366–367, 747–755 (2017)
Pamies, P., Aviles, M.D., Arias-Pardilla, J., Espinosa, T., Carrion, F.J., Sanes, J., Bermudez, M.D.: Antiwear performance of ionic liquid + graphene dispersions with anomalous viscosity temperature behaviour. Tribol. Int. 122, 200–209 (2008)
Pamies, R., Espejo, C., Carrion, F.J., Morina, A., Neville, A., Bermudez, M.D.: Rheological behavior of multiwalled carbon nanotube-imidazolium tosylate ionic liquid dispersions. J. Rheol. 61, 279–289 (2017)
Saito, R., Hofmann, M., Dresselhaus, G., Jorio, A., Dresselhaus, M.S.: Raman spectroscopy of graphene and carbon nanotubes. Adv. Phys. 60, 413–550 (2011)
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO, Spain), the EU FEDER Program (Grant # MAT2017-85130-P), “Este trabajo es resultado de la actividad desarrollada en el marco del Programa de Ayudas a Grupos de Excelencia de la Región de Murcia, de la Fundación Séneca, Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia (Grant # 19877/GERM/15)”. M.D. Avilés is grateful to MINECO for aresearch Grant (BES-2015-074836).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Avilés, M.D., Carrión-Vilches, F.J., Sanes, J. et al. Diprotic Ammonium Succinate Ionic Liquid in Thin Film Aqueous Lubrication and in Graphene Nanolubricant. Tribol Lett 67, 26 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-019-1138-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-019-1138-y