Skip to main content
Log in

Tribological Behavior of Ti3AlC2 Against SiC at Ambient and Elevated Temperatures

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Tribology Letters Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, we reported the tribological behavior of Ti3AlC2 disk sliding against SiC ball from room temperature (RT) to 1,000 °C. The tribological properties are highly dependent of testing temperature. At RT, the coefficient of friction (CoF) is as low as 0.34 in the steady state, but the wear rate is relative high (4.26 × 10−4 mm3/Nm). At 200 and 400 °C, the CoF is as high as 1.21, and the wear rates are very high, about on the order of 10−3 mm3/Nm. From 600 to 1,000 °C, however, Ti3AlC2 exhibits quite low wear rate on the order of 10−6 mm3/Nm and relative moderate CoF, 0.60–0.80. The compacted continuous oxide layer at 600 °C and above might be responsible for the outstanding wear resistance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Barsoum, M.W.: The M n+1AX n phases: a new class of solids. Prog. Solid State Chem. 28, 201–281 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Eklund, P., Beckers, M., Jansson, U., Högberg, H., Hultman, L.: The M n+1AX n phases: materials science and thin-film processing. Thin Solid Films 518, 1851–1878 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Wang, X., Zhou, Y.: Layered machinable and electrically conductive Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2 ceramics: a review. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 26, 385–416 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Yang, C., Jin, S., Liang, B., Liu, G., Jia, S.: Synthesis of Ti3AlC2 ceramic by high-energy ball milling of elemental powders of Ti, Al and C. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 209, 871–875 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Barsoum, M.W., El-Raghy, T.: Synthesis and characterization of a remarkable ceramic Ti3SiC2. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 79, 1953–1956 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Souchet, A., Fontaine, J., Belin, M., Le Mogne, T., Loubet, J.L., Barsoum, M.W.: Tribological duality of Ti3SiC2. Tribol. Lett. 18, 341–352 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Wu, L., Chen, J., Liu, M., Bao, Y., Zhou, Y.: Reciprocating friction and wear behavior of Ti3AlC2 and Ti3AlC2/Al2O3 composites against AISI52100 bearing steel. Wear 266, 158–166 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Zhai, H., Huang, Z., Ai, M., Zhou, Y., Zhang, Z., Li, S.: Tribophysical properties of polycrystalline bulk Ti3AlC2. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 88, 3270–3274 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Huang, Z., Zhai, H., Guan, M., Liu, X., Ai, M., Zhou, Y.: Oxide-film-dependent tribological behaviors of Ti3SiC2. Wear 262, 1079–1085 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Myhra, S., Summers, J.W.B., Kisi, E.H.: Ti3SiC2-A layered ceramic exhibiting ultra-low friction. Mater. Lett. 39, 6–11 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Zhang, Y., Ding, G.P., Zhou, Y.C., Cai, B.C.: Ti3SiC2-A self-lubricating ceramic. Mater. Lett. 55, 285–289 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Emmerlich, J., Gassner, G., Eklund, P., Högberg, H., Hultman, L.: Micro and macroscale tribological behavior of epitaxial Ti3SiC2 thin films. Wear 264, 914–919 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Crossley, A., Kisi, E.H., Summers, J.W.B., Myhra, S.: Ultra-low friction for a layered carbide-derived ceramic, Ti3SiC2, investigated by lateral force microscopy (LFM). J. Phys. D 32, 632–638 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Hibi, Y., Miyake, K., Murakami, T., Sasaki, S.: Tribological behavior of SiC-reinforced Ti3SiC2-based composites under dry condition and under lubricated condition with water and ethanol. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 89, 2983–2985 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Ren, S., Meng, J., Wang, J., Lu, J., Yang, S.: Tribocorrosion behavior of Ti3SiC2 in the dilute and concentrated sulfuric acid solutions. Wear 269, 50–59 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Ma, J., Hao, J., Fu, L., Qiao, Z., Yang, J., Liu, W., Bi, Q.: Intrinsic self-lubricity of layered Ti3AlC2 under certain vacuum environment. Wear 297, 824–828 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Filimonov, D., Gupta, S., Palanisamy, T., Barsoum, M.W.: Effect of applied load and surface roughness on the tribological properties of Ni-based superalloys versus Ta2AlC/Ag or Cr2AlC/Ag composites. Tribol. Lett. 33, 9–20 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Gupta, S., Amini, S., Filimonov, D., Palanisamy, T., El-Raghy, T., Barsoum, M.W.: Tribological behavior of Ti2SC at ambient and elevated temperatures. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 90, 3566–3571 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Gupta, S., Filimonov, D., Palanisamy, T., Barsoum, M.W: Tribological behavior of select MAX phases against Al2O3 at elevated temperatures. Wear 265, 560–565 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Gupta, S., Filimonov, D., Zaitsev, V., Palanisamy, T., Barsoum, M.W.: Ambient and 550 °C tribological behavior of select MAX phases against Ni-based superalloys. Wear 264, 270–278 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Ren, S., Meng, J., Lu, J., Yang, S.: Tribological behavior of Ti3SiC2 sliding against Ni-based alloys at elevated temperatures. Tribol. Lett. 31, 129–137 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Ren, S., Meng, J., Lu, J., Yang, S., Wang, J.: Tribo-physical and tribo-chemical aspects of WC-based cermet/Ti3SiC2 tribo-pair at elevated temperatures. Tribol. Int. 43, 512–517 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Hai, W., Ren, S., Meng, J., Lu, J.: Tribo-oxidation of self-mated Ti3SiC2 at elevated temperatures and low speed. Tribol. Lett. 48, 425–432 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Jiang, F., Ren, S., Meng, J., Lu, J.: High temperature wear of Ti3AlC2 sliding against Al2O3. Adv. Mater. Res. 177, 118–120 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Jia, Q., Zhang, H., Li, S., Jia, X.: Effect of particle size on oxidation of silicon carbide powders. Ceram. Int. 33, 309–313 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Rodríguez-Rojas, F., Ortiz, A., Guiberteau, F., Nygren, M.: Anomalous oxidation behaviour of pressureless liquid-phase-sintered SiC. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 31, 2393–2400 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Wang, C., Zhou, A., Qi, L., Huang, Y.: Quantitative phase analysis in the Ti–Al–C ternary system by X-ray diffraction. Powder Diffr. 20, 218–223 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Ge, Z., Chen, K., Guo, J., Zhou, H., Ferreira, J.M.F.: Combustion synthesis of ternary carbide Ti3AlC2 in Ti–Al–C system. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 23, 567–574 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Han, J.H., Hwang, S.S., Lee, D., Park, S.W.: Synthesis and mechanical properties of Ti3AlC2 by hot pressing TiC x /Al powder mixture. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 28, 979–988 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Tzenov, N.V., Barsoum, M.W.: Synthesis and characterization of Ti3AlC2. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 83, 825–832 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. El-Raghy, T., Blau, P., Barsoum, M.W.: Effect of grain size on friction and wear behavior of Ti3SiC2. Wear 238, 125–130 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Hu, C., Zhou, Y., Bao, Y., Wan, D.: Tribological properties of polycrystalline Ti3SiC2 and Al2O3-reinforced Ti3SiC2 composites. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 89, 3456–3461 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Gupta, S., Filimonov, D., Palanisamy, T., Elraghy, T., Barsoum, M.: Ta2AlC and Cr2AlC Ag-based composites—new solid lubricant materials for use over a wide temperature range against Ni-based superalloys and alumina. Wear 262, 1479–1489 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Gupta, S., Barsoum, M.W.: On the tribology of the MAX phases and their composites during dry sliding: a review. Wear 271, 1878–1894 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Sarkar, D., Kumar, B., Basu, B.: Understanding the fretting wear of Ti3SiC2. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 26, 2441–2452 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Fischer, T.: Tribochemistry. Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 18, 303–323 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Wang, X., Li, F., Chen, J., Zhou, Y.: Insights into high temperature oxidation of Al2O3-forming Ti3AlC2. Corros. Sci. 58, 95–103 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Sarkar, A.D.: Friction and wear. Academic Press, London (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Frodelius, J., Lu, J., Jensen, J., Paul, D., Hultman, L., Eklund, P.: Phase stability and initial low-temperature oxidation mechanism of Ti2AlC thin films. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 33, 375–382 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Frodelius, J., Eklund, P., Beckers, M., Persson, P., Högberg, H., Hultman, L.: Sputter deposition from a Ti2AlC target: process characterization and conditions for growth of Ti2AlC. Thin Solid Films 518, 1621–1626 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Frodelius, J., Johansson, E.M., Córdoba, J.M., Odén, M., Eklund, P., Hultman, L.: Annealing of thermally sprayed Ti2AlC coatings. Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. 8, 74–84 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Wang, X., Zhou, Y.: Oxidation behavior of Ti3AlC2 at 1,000–1,400 °C in air. Corros. Sci. 45, 891–907 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Yang, H., Pei, Y., Song, G., De Hosson, J.T.M.: Comments on “microstructural evolution during high-temperature oxidation of Ti2AlC ceramics”. Scr. Mater. 65, 930–932 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Wang, X., Zhou, Y.: Intermediate-temperature oxidation behavior of Ti2AlC in air. J. Mater. Res. 17, 2974–2981 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Wang, X., Zhou, Y.: Improvement of intermediate-temperature oxidation resistance of Ti3AlC2 by pre-oxidation at high temperatures. Mater. Res. Innov. 7, 205–211 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Wang, X., Zhou, Y.: Oxidation behavior of Ti3AlC2 powders in flowing air. J. Mater. Chem. 12, 2781–2785 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Yang, H., Pei, Y., Rao, J., De Hosson, J.T.M., Li, S., Song, G.: High temperature healing of Ti2AlC: on the origin of inhomogeneous oxide scale. Scr. Mater. 65, 135–138 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51275507 and 51202258) and the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB632300).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Zhuhui Qiao or Jun Yang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ma, J., Li, F., Cheng, J. et al. Tribological Behavior of Ti3AlC2 Against SiC at Ambient and Elevated Temperatures. Tribol Lett 50, 323–330 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-013-0126-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-013-0126-x

Keywords

Navigation