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Biocatalytic Degradation of Emerging Micropollutants

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Abstract

Water pollution caused by micropollutants (MPs) raises significant toxicological concerns, especially when present in complex mixtures. A major obstacle to producing high-quality water from wastewater is the presence of MPs (such as pharmaceutical, and personal care products, endocrine-disrupting contaminants, industrial chemicals, and pesticides), which are biologically active in trace amounts. Aquatic environments are frequently contaminated with MPs that are associated with high levels of ecotoxicological risks, which has been an issue of great concern over the past few years. MPs are minor components of dissolved organic matter (DOM), but their persistence, toxicity, and bioaccumulation characteristics severely disrupt water systems. Biological treatment has attracted enormous interest around the world due to its low cost and environmental friendliness. Although biological treatment methods are relatively inexpensive, the large variety of organic MPs found in wastewater cannot be degraded by current techniques. As indicated by the growing number of papers highlighting their potential damage to the environment and human health, the build-up of emerging contaminants (ECs) in the environment continues to be a serious concern. The metabolic conversion of compounds into new chemicals for commercial use is known as biocatalysis. Microbial enzymes, particularly immobilized biocatalysts, have been shown to provide a flexible alternative to physical and chemical approaches for the long-term reduction of environmental pollution. Environmental sustainability and ecological integrity are seriously threatened by the release of an astonishing quantity of refractory pollutants from numerous industrial activities. The strategies that could be used to create biological wastewater treatment systems that can break down organic MPs are discussed in this paper. In this review, we discuss the toxicity of MPs products and their remediation.

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Abbreviations

MPs:

Micropollutants

PAHs:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

PCBs:

Polychlorinated biphenyls

PFASs:

Poly-fluoroalkyl substances

POPs:

Persistent organic pollutants

HMs:

Heavy metals

LMW-PAHs:

Low molecular weight PAHs

HMW-PAHs:

High molecular weight PAHs

MOB:

Manganese oxidizing bacteria

RHD:

Ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), New Delhi, for the Start-up Research Grant (SRG/2019/001940).

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  1. Pooja Sharma and Ambreen Bano have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, #02-01, T-Lab Building, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore

    Pooja Sharma

  2. IIRC-3, Plant-Microbe Interaction and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow, UP, India

    Ambreen Bano

  3. Department of Microbiology, Dr. Shakuntala, Mishra National Rehabilitation University, Lucknow, UP, 226017, India

    Sangeeta Yadav

  4. Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (PG) College, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, 208001, India

    Surendra Pratap Singh

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PS: conceptualization, writing-original draft, Editing & Reviewing AB: conceptualization, writing-original draft, Editing & Reviewing SPS: conceptualization, writing-original draft, Editing & Reviewing. All authors have read and agreed to the final version of the manuscript.

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Sharma, P., Bano, A., Yadav, S. et al. Biocatalytic Degradation of Emerging Micropollutants. Top Catal 66, 676–690 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-023-01790-y

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