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Dynamic Pt Coordination in Dilute AgPt Alloy Nanoparticle Catalysts Under Reactive Environments

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Abstract

Single atom alloy (SAA) catalysts, consisting of oxide supported dilute alloy nanoparticles (NPs), have become increasingly popular due to their unique chemical reactivity and ability to selectively facilitate catalytic reactions. While SAA catalysts are typically synthesized with a uniform alloy composition, it is well known that the surface composition can vary from that in the bulk due to environmental conditions. Herein we demonstrate how environmental conditions can impact the structure of Pt in supported silver-platinum (AgPt) dilute alloy NPs. We employ ab initio thermodynamic models parameterized by density functional theory calculations to explore favorable structures under inert conditions and in the presence of adsorbates such as carbon monoxide (CO). These calculations show that in the absence of strongly interacting adsorbates, Pt is favored to reside in the Ag bulk, while under CO rich environments, Pt is stabilized at the surface in a variety of configurations. We experimentally verify these calculations by colloidally synthesizing AgPt NPs supported on alumina and characterizing Pt structures using electron microscopy paired with in situ infrared spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Detailed characterization shows evidence that isolated Pt sites can be stabilized at the surface in the presence of CO and, depending on environmental conditions, that some fraction of surface Pt atoms are coordinated to sub-surface Pt. Density of states calculations show that structures where surface Pt is coordinated to subsurface Pt have markedly different electronic structures and therefore suggests such changes in Pt coordination environment can influence catalytic processes.

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Fig. 1

Adapted from Avanesian et al. [26]

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge funding support from the University of California-Santa Barbara (UCSB). P.C. acknowledges partial support from the Army Research Office PECASE Grant W911NF-19-1-0116. J.F. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program (NSF GRFP) under Grant No. 1650114. Use was made of computational facilities purchased with funds from the National Science Foundation (CNS-1725797) and administered by the Center for Scientific Computing (CSC). Use of the CSC along with ICP, TEM, and STEM equipment in the UCSB MRL Shared Experimental Facilities is acknowledged, which are supported by the MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation under award no. DMR 1720256. We would like to gratefully acknowledge Simon Bare and Adam Hoffman for assistance with XAS measurements and interpretation, Nick Sherck for helpful discussions about thermodynamic calculations, and Joaquin Resasco for insightful comments and suggestions.

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    Jordan Finzel & Phillip Christopher

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Finzel, J., Christopher, P. Dynamic Pt Coordination in Dilute AgPt Alloy Nanoparticle Catalysts Under Reactive Environments. Top Catal 65, 1587–1603 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-021-01545-7

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