Abstract
Li–O2 (Li–air) batteries are among the most promising energy storage technologies due to their high theoretical specific capacity and energy density. Key challenges with this technology include high overpotential losses associated with catalyzing the electrochemical reactions (i.e., oxygen reduction and evolution reactions) at the cathode of the battery. In this contribution, we report through the example of La2NiO4+δ that layered nickelate oxide materials with rod-shaped nanostructure exhibit promising electrochemical performance as cathode electrocatalysts for Li–O2 batteries. We demonstrate the ability to control the nanostructure of La2NiO4+δ electrocatalyst at the nanoscale level using a reverse-microemulsion synthesis approach. We show that Li–O2 batteries with cathodes containing rod-shaped La2NiO4+δ electrocatalyst exhibit lower charging potentials and higher reversible capacities when compared to batteries with carbon-only cathodes. Our studies indicate that the enhancement in the battery performance induced by the rod-shaped La2NiO4+δ electrocatalyst can be attributed to the fact that La2NiO4+δ nanorods (i) facilitate the formation of nanosized Li2O2 particles during discharge, and (ii) promote the electrocatalytic activity toward the oxygen evolution reaction during charging. These findings open up avenues for the utilization of (i) reverse-microemulsion method for controlling the nanostructure of layered oxide materials, and (ii) nanorod-structured nickelate oxides as efficient cathode electrocatalysts for Li–O2 batteries.
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Acknowledgments
We gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation (CBET-1434696), and Wayne State University. We thank Dr. Kai Sun from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Electron Microbeam Analysis Laboratory at the University of Michigan for his help with electron microscopy and spectroscopy.
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This contribution is written in honor of Prof. Mark E. Davis for receiving the Somorjai Award for Creativity in Catalysis. The corresponding author, Eranda Nikolla, spent approximately two years in the Davis lab at Caltech as a postdoctoral scholar working on synthesizing active and selective heterogeneous catalysts for chemistries involving the conversion of carbohydrates. She greatly acknowledges Prof. Davis’ impact on her scientific advancement in the area of synthetic approaches for developing mesoporous and microporous materials, as well as catalytic surfaces with targeted active-site functionality. Eranda Nikolla has utilized the tools and knowledge gained from working in the Davis lab to synthesize active and stable electrocatalysts for electrochemical energy storage as illustrated in the article below.
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Nacy, A., Ma, X. & Nikolla, E. Nanostructured Nickelate Oxides as Efficient and Stable Cathode Electrocatalysts for Li–O2 Batteries. Top Catal 58, 513–521 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-015-0395-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-015-0395-8