Abstract
Modeling naturally fractured reservoirs (NFRs) requires an accurate representation of fracture network permeability (FNP). Conventionally, logs, cores, seismic, and pressure transient tests are used as a data base for this. Our previous attempts showed that a strong correlation exists between the fractal parameters of 2-D fracture networks and their permeability (Jafari and Babadagli, SPE 113618, Western Regional and Pacific Section AAPG joint meeting, 2008; Jafari and Babadagli, SPE Reserv Eval Eng 12(3):455–469, 2009a). We also showed that 1-D well (cores-logs) and 3-D reservoir data (well test) may not be sufficient in FNP mapping and that 2-D (outcrop) characteristics are needed (Jafari and Babadagli, SPE 124077, SPE/EAGE reservoir characterization and simulation conference, 2009b). This paper is an extension of those studies, where only 2-D (single-layer, uniform fracture characteristics in z direction) representations were used. In this paper, we considered a more complex and realistic 3-D network system. Two-dimensional random fractures with known fractal and statistical characteristics were distributed in the x- and y directions. A variation of fracture network characteristics in the z direction was presented by a multilayer system representing three different facieses with different fracture properties. Wells were placed in different locations of the model to collect 1-D fracture density and pressure transient data. In addition, five different fractal and statistical properties of the network of each layer were measured. The equivalent FNP was calculated using a commercial software package as the base case. Using available 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D data, multivariable regression analyses were performed to obtain equivalent FNP correlations for many different fracture network realizations. The derived equations were validated against a new set of synthetic fracture networks, and the conditions at which 1-D, 2-D and 3-D data are sufficient to map FNP were determined. The importance of the inclusion of each data type, i.e., 1-D, 2-D and 3-D, in the correlations was discussed. It was shown that using only 3-D data are insufficient to predict the FNP due to wide spatial heterogeneity of the fracture properties in the reservoir, which cannot be captured from single-well tests. Incorporating all types of data (1-D, 2-D, and 3-D) would result in better prediction. Also, it is recommended that the 2-D data of the most conductive layer in reservoir, which has longer fractures with a higher density, should be incorporated in the correlations.
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This article is the revised and improved version of SPE 132431 presented at the SPE Western Regional Meeting held in Anaheim, California, USA, 27–29 May 2010.
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Jafari, A., Babadagli, T. Equivalent Fracture Network Permeability of Multilayer-Complex Naturally Fractured Reservoirs. Transp Porous Med 91, 339–362 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-011-9849-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-011-9849-z