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Improved biomass and metabolite production in hairy root culture in various genotypes of Panax ginseng through genetic transformation

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Abstract

The economic important medicinal plant, Panax ginseng, encompasses a diverse array of pharmacologically beneficial ginsenosides governed by complex metabolic pathways. The cultivation of P. ginseng over an extended period of time poses many challenges to fulfill market requirements. The utilization of in vitro tissue culture presents a viable alternative approach for the generation of P. ginseng root biomass and metabolites. Harnessing the root inducing plasmid (Ri plasmid) of Agrobacterium rhizogenes in the transformation process to create hairy roots in P. ginseng could be a useful metabolic engineering technique. In this investigation, the transformation efficiency and biomass production of five distinct ginseng genotypes were evaluated. Of them, the ‘Yunpoong’ cultivar, and a local landrace ‘Ganghwa’ had the highest transformation efficiencies of 66.11% and 65.00%, respectively. The biomass production of transgenic hairy roots was 1.5–2.1 times faster than that of non-transgenic adventitious roots without hormone supplementation. Various ginsenosides such as Rg1, Rf, Rh1, Rb1, Rb2, Rd, F2, and Rg3, were found to be similar or greater in the hairy roots when compared to the concentrations observed in adventitious roots. Furthermore, the ginsenoside contents of cultivated roots are similar to those cultured in a bioreactor. The findings provide fundamental insights into the metabolic engineering of ginseng, facilitating the in vitro production of ginsenosides.

Key message

In vitro root culture is an ideal method for the large-scale production of biomass for the slowly growing ginseng plant. We report the improved transgenic hairy root culture system for production of biomass and ginsenosides via Ri plasmid transformation using five different ginseng genotypes. This transformation system provides a basic tool for the future metabolic engineering of ginseng.

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The authors confirm that data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article or its supplementary material.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development, Rural Development Administration (Grant number PJ01311901), Republic of Korea.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea

    Nguyen Van Binh, Min Jung Kim, Vo Ngoc Linh Giang, Yun Sun Lee, Murukarthick Jayakodi, Hyun-Seung Park, Padmanaban Mohanan & Tae-Jin Yang

  2. Faculty of Biology, Dalat University, Dalat, 670000, Vietnam

    Nguyen Van Binh

  3. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam

    Vo Ngoc Linh Giang

  4. Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany

    Murukarthick Jayakodi

  5. College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea

    Kyo Bin Kang, Byeol Ryu, Eun Jin Park & Tae Kyu Park

  6. Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Republic of Korea

    Tae-Jin Yang

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Contributions

VBN, MJK, and TJY conceived and designed the experiments. VBN, MJK, VNLG, YSL, BR, EJP, and TKP prepared the samples and performed the experiments. VBN, MJK, KBK, HSP, and BR analyzed the data. VBN, MJ, PM and TJY wrote and revised the paper.

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Correspondence to Tae-Jin Yang.

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Communicated by Yi Li.

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Van Binh, N., Kim, M.J., Giang, V.N.L. et al. Improved biomass and metabolite production in hairy root culture in various genotypes of Panax ginseng through genetic transformation. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 156, 43 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-023-02644-x

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