Abstract
The purpose of this research was to find out how in vitro cultured of tomato explants responded to salt stress after addition of silver nitrate (AgNO3) and pyrazinamide (PZA) as ethylene inhibitors. One of the plant hormones involved in salinity response is ethylene, considered as a stress hormone. The impact of ethylene accumulated in the closed container of plant cells and tissues grown in vitro either with or without salinity stress is different and depends on plant species and even the plant cultivar. Salt stress in tomato plants increases ethylene accumulation, induces leaf epinasty, and reduces growth or viability. Tomato seedlings were grown on MS medium containing NaCl (0, 100, 150 mM) and supplemented with AgNO3 (0, 2, 4, mg L−1) and PZA (0, 2, 4 mg L−1) to study growth parameters and antioxidant enzymes responses. Salt-stressed plants showed limited growth and a significant decrease in fresh and dry weight. Salinity accelerated oxidative damage by increasing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in tomato leaves. In presence of AgNO3 and PZA, in vitro grown tomato plants exhibited increased fresh and dry weight, total chlorophyll and carotenoids, in particular at 4 mg L−1 AgNO3 and 4 mg L−1 PZA. Moreover, silver nitrate and PZA reduced H2O2 and MDA contents as well as oxidative damage by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, including catalase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase under salt stress. Thus, AgNO3 and PZA improved in vitro salinity tolerance of tomato plantlets by interfering with ethylene action or ethylene generation as well as by increasing biochemical responses.
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The authors are grateful to the University of Isfahan and the Plant Antioxidant Center of Excellence (PACE) for their support.
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SZ carried out the experimental lab analysis and wrote the first draft of the manuscript, AAE edited, organized, and submitted the manuscript.
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Zarei, S., Ehsanpour, A.A. Ethylene inhibition with silver nitrate (AgNO3) and pyrazinamide (PZA) ameliorates in vitro salt tolerance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L) plantlets. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 154, 239–247 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-023-02511-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-023-02511-9