Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways are involved in plant resistance to a variety of adverse environmental processes, and their downstream component MAPKs play an important role in this process. However, the function of MAPKs in abiotic stresses is still far from being clear in grape (Vitis vinifera L.). Here, we isolated a novel group B MAPK gene (VvMAPK9) from grape, which is induced by different abiotic stresses such as salt, drought and high temperature (42 °C). Overexpressing VvMAPK9 in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly enhanced the tolerance to salt stress. Compared with wild type plants, the transgenic lines exhibited higher germination rate and longer root length as well better growth status under salt stress. In addition, overexpression of VvMAPK9 in grape callus also increased the salt stress tolerance and enhanced the callus’s ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), which correlated with higher activity of ROS-related antioxidant enzymes. These results indicate that VvMAPK9 may positively regulate salt stress by regulating the antioxidative system.
Key message
Grape VvMAPK9 positively regulates salt tolerance in Arabidopsis and grape callus through regulating the antioxidative system
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Data availability
The amino acid sequences of Arabidopsis was downloaded from The Arabidopsis Information Resource (https://www.arabidopsis.org).
Code availability
Amino acid sequences of other plants MAPK genes were retrieved from GenBank (http://www.ncbi.gov/Genbank). Amino acid sequence alignments were done using the DNAMAN program (version 5.2.2). Analysis of the promoter sequence of VvMAPK9 were performed using PlantCARE (http://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/webtools/plantcare/html/). The phylogenetic tree was constructed by the NJ (Neighbor-Joining) method using MEGA 4. Statistical significance was analyzed using Duncan’s multiple range tests with analysis of variance (ANOVA), and calculations were performed with SPSS Statistics.
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Funding
This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31972358), the Natural Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No. ZR2018MC022) and Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Project (Grant No. 2019JZZY010727).
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QS and BL conceived and designed the experiments. XJ, CS, and YY conducted the experiments. XJ and XL analyzed the data. XJ and QS wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approve the final manuscript.
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11240_2021_2218_MOESM1_ESM.tif
Fig. S1 Identification of the transgenic plants of VvMAPK9. (A) Screening of overexpressing strains by antibiotic resistance. (B) Identification of transgenic seedlings by PCR. (C) The expression of VvMAPK9 in the leaves of WT and transgenic plants. Supplementary file1 (TIF 2444 KB)
11240_2021_2218_MOESM2_ESM.tif
Fig. S2 Screening and identification of VvMAPK9-overexpressing grape callus. (A) Wild-type grape callus. (B) Agrobacterium tumefaciens and grape callus were cultured together. (C) Screening transgenic grape callus by antibiotic resistance. (D) Transgenic grape callus was obtained (circled in red). (E) The transgenic grape callus was cultured by screening medium. (F) The expression level of VvMAPK9 in WT and transgenic grape callus. Supplementary file2 (TIF 2894 KB)
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Ji, X., Sui, C., Yu, Y. et al. Grape VvMAPK9 positively regulates salt tolerance in Arabidopsis and grape callus through regulating the antioxidative system. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 148, 609–622 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-021-02218-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-021-02218-9