Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is an effective approach for citrus genetic improvement, overcoming some of the obstacles presented in conventional breeding. It is known that the remodeling of endomembrane structures and cytoskeleton are essential for plant growth and reproduction, but their behaviors and functions in citrus SE has not been studied. In order to investigate the behaviors of various subcellular structures during this process, we used fluorescent proteins to label multiple endomembrane structures and cytoskeletal network in citrus callus. Confocal microscopy studies indicated that the morphology of endoplasmic reticulum and the numbers of peroxisomes changed significantly after the initiation of embryogenesis. On the other hand, the arrangement of actin filaments also exhibits significant differences in callus maintaining high embryogenic potential, in contrast to callus that are recalcitrant in forming embryos. The treatment of actin depolymerizing drug latrunculin B significantly reduced the number of somatic embryos, indicating that actin filaments play an important role in regulating SE in citrus. In summary, our results suggested that organelle biogenesis, morphogenesis and the dynamic rearrangement of cytoskeleton are crucial in SE of citrus.
Key message
We have studied the remodelling of endomembrane systems and cytoskeleton in cultured citrus cells, and found that the actin cytoskeleton plays an important role in somatic embryogenesis.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Anne Osterrieder (University of Oxford, UK) for proofreading the manuscript. We thank the support from Dr. Xiaolu Qu and the microscopy core facilities of the Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE). This work was supported by the NSFC Grants (Nos. 31772281, 91854102, 32072528), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2662018PY036) to P.W.
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PW conceived and supervised the project, KW performed most of the experiments, and wrote the manuscript with PW and XW, XW provided the citrus callus lines, EG and DL help on confocal microscopy and callus transformation, respectively.
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Communicated by Jose M. Segui-Simarro.
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Wang, K., Gao, E., Liu, D. et al. The ER network, peroxisomes and actin cytoskeleton exhibit dramatic alterations during somatic embryogenesis of cultured citrus cells. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 148, 259–270 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-021-02180-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-021-02180-6