Abstract
The present research investigates the possibility that 2 weak urea-type cytokinins, the N,N′-bis-(1-naphthyl)urea and the N,N′-bis-(2-naphthyl)urea, enhance adventitious root formation. The rooting activity was assessed using the stem slice test, the mung bean rooting test and the rooting of apple microcuttings. The two compounds influenced the adventitious rooting process differently as regards the bioassay used. In the stem slice test, in the presence of exogenous auxin, both compounds enhanced the rooted slice percentage. In mung bean shoots, the N,N′-bis-(1-naphthyl)urea enhanced the root formation at the lowest concentration used (0.01 μM) while the N,N′-bis-(2-naphthyl)urea enhanced rooting at higher concentrations. In the rooting test of apple microcuttings the N,N′-bis-(1-naphthyl)urea and the N,N′-bis-(2-naphthyl)urea slightly enhanced only the mean root number per microcutting.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- BAP:
-
benzylaminopurine
- IBA:
-
indole-3-butyric acid
- 2,3-MDPU:
-
N,N′-bis-(2,3-methylenedioxyphenyl)urea
- 1-bNU :
-
N,N′-bis-(1-naphthyl)urea
- 2-bNU :
-
N,N′-bis-(2-naphthyl)urea
References
G Auderset C Moncousin J O’Rourke DJ Morrè (1996) ArticleTitleStimulation of root formation by thiol compounds Hortscience 31 240–242
G Auderset C Moncousin J O’Rourke DJ Morrè (1997) ArticleTitleStimulation of root formation in difficult-to-root cuttings by dithiothreitol Int. J. Plant Sci 158 132–135 Occurrence Handle10.1086/297422
JM Bonga (1982) Vegetative propagation in relation to juvenility, maturity and rejuvenation JM Bonga DJ Durzan (Eds) Tissue Culture in Forestry Martinus Nijhoff, Dr W. Junk The Hague 387–412
ED Butler TF Gallagher (1999) ArticleTitleIsolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding a novel 2-oxoacid-dependent dioxygenase which is up-regulated during adventitious root formation in apple (Malus domestica “Jork 9”) stem slices J. Exp. Bot 50 551–552 Occurrence Handle10.1093/jexbot/50.333.551
B Cheng CM Peterson RJ Mitchell (1992) ArticleTitleThe role of sucrose, auxin and explant source on in vitro rooting of seedling explants of Eucalyptus sideroxylon Plant Sci 87 207–214 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0168-9452(92)90152-C
GJ Klerk ParticleDe E Caillat (1994) ArticleTitleRooting responses of stem-disks excised from the same “M9 Jork” microcutting Adv. Hort. Sci 8 15–18
GJ Klerk ParticleDe M Keppel J Ter Brugge H Meekes (1995) ArticleTitleTiming of the phases in adventitious root formation in apple microcuttings J. Exp. Bot 46 965–972
GJ Klerk ParticleDe W Krieken Particlevan der JC Jong ParticleDe (1999) ArticleTitleThe formation of adventitious roots: new concepts, new possibilities In Vitro Cell. Dev.-Pl 35 189–199
GJ Klerk ParticleDe J Hanecakova J Jasik (2001) ArticleTitleThe role of cytokinins in rooting of stem slices cut from apple microcuttings Plant Biosyst 135 79–84
BE Haissig (1986) Metabolic processes in adventitious rooting MB Jackson (Eds) New Root Formation in Plants and Cuttings Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht 141–189
CW Heuser CE Hess (1972) ArticleTitleIsolation of three lipid root-initiating substances from juvenile Hedera helix shoot tissue J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci 97 571–574
BH Howard (1996) ArticleTitleRelationship between shoot growth and rooting of cuttings in three contrasting species of ornamental shrub J. Hort. Sci 71 591–605
DJ James (1983) ArticleTitleAdventitious root formation in vitro in apple rootstocks (Malus pumila) I. Factors affecting the length of the auxin-sensitive phase in M9 Physiol. Plantarum 57 149–153
C Kevers C Bringaud JF Hausman T Gaspar (1997) ArticleTitlePutrescine involvement in the inductive phase of walnut shoots rooting in vitro Saussurea 28 47–57
WD Lane (1978) ArticleTitleRegeneration of apple plants from shoot meristem tips Plant Sci. Lett 13 281–285 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0304-4211(78)90107-4
MC Mok DWS Mok DJ Armstrong K Shudo Y Isogai T Okamoto (1982) ArticleTitleCytokinin activity of N-phenyl-N′−1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea (thidiazuron) Phytochemistry 21 1509–1511 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0031-9422(82)85007-3
MC Mok DWS Mok JE Turner CV Mujer (1987) ArticleTitleBiological and biochemical effects of cytokinin-active phenylurea derivatives in tissue culture systems Hortscience 22 1194–1197
T Murashige F Skoog (1962) ArticleTitleA revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with tobacco tissue cultures Physiol. Plantarum 15 473–497
T Orlikowska (1992) ArticleTitleInfluence of arginine on in vitro rooting of dwarf apple rootstock Plant Cell Tiss. Org 31 9–14
N Pawlicki M Welander (1995) ArticleTitleInfluence of carbohydrate source, auxin concentration and time of exposure on adventitious rooting of the apple rootstock Jork 9 Plant Sci 106 167–176 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0168-9452(95)04074-5
A Ricci A Carra CA Maggiali M Incerti C Branca (2003a) ArticleTitleWeakly cytokinin-active diphenylurea derivatives influence adventitious rooting in M26 Malus pumila microcuttings Plant Growth Regul 39 19–26 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1021849420678
A Ricci A Carra E Rolli C Bertoletti C Branca (2003b) ArticleTitleN,N′-bis-(2,3-methylenedioxyphenyl)urea and N,N′-bis-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)urea cooperate with auxin in enhancing root formation of M26 apple (Malus pumila Mill.) stem slices Plant Growth Regul 40 207–212 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1025045213739
E Rugini A Jacoboni M Luppino (1993) ArticleTitleRole of basal shoot darkening and exogenous putrescine treatments on in vitro rooting and on endogenous polyamine changes in difficult-to-root woody species Sci. Hort 53 63–72 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0304-4238(93)90138-G
RY Schmitz F Skoog (1970) ArticleTitleThe use of dimethylsulfoxide as a solvent in the tobacco bioassay for cytokinins Plant Physiol 45 537–538
M Sedira A Holefors M Welander (2001) ArticleTitleProtocol for transformation of the apple rootstock Jork 9 with the rolB gene and its influence on rooting Plant Cell Rep 20 517–524 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s002990100357
JC Suttle (1984) ArticleTitleEffect of the defoliant thidiazuron on ethylene evolution from mung bean hypocotyl segments Plant Physiol 75 902–907
K Tartoura A da Rocha S Youssef (2004) ArticleTitleSynergistic interaction between coumarin 1,2-benzopyrone and indole-3-butyric acid in stimulating adventitious root formation in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek cuttings: I Endogenous free and coniugated IAA and basic isoperoxidases Plant Growth Regul 42 253–262 Occurrence Handle10.1023/B:GROW.0000026507.90898.8a
WM Krieken ParticleVan der G Eldik ParticleVan L Nijtmans AF Croes GJ Wullems (1991) ArticleTitleEndogenous cytokinins in flower bud forming explants of tobacco J. Exp. Bot 42 77–80
WM Krieken ParticleVan der H Breteler MHM Visser D Mavridou (1993) ArticleTitleThe role of the conversion of IBA into IAA on root regeneration in apple: introduction of a test system Plant Cell Rep 12 203–206 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00237054
Van Staden J & Harty AR (1988) Cytokinins and adventitious root formation. In: Davis TD, Haissig BE & Sankla N (eds) Adventitious Root Formation in Cuttings. Advances in Plant Sciences Series2. Dioscorides Press (pp 185–201)
M Welander I Huntrieser (1981) ArticleTitleThe rooting ability of shoots raised in vitro from the apple rootstock A2 in juvenile and in adult growth phase Physiol. Plantarum 53 301–306
M Welander N Pawlicki (1993) ArticleTitleA model system for studying root formation in woody species Acta Hort 336 225–230
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ada, R., Angela, C., Enrico, R. et al. The Weak Cytokinins N,N′-bis-(1-naphthyl)urea and N,N′-bis-(2-naphthyl)urea may Enhance Rooting in Apple and Mung Bean. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 83, 179–186 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-005-4931-2
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-005-4931-2