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Micrografting and ex vitro grafting for somatic embryo rescue and plant recovery in avocado (Persea americana)

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Abstract

The efficient recovery of plants from avocado somatic embryos has been difficult to achieve by manipulating maturation and conversion conditions in vitro. The production of morphologically normal, bipolar somatic embryos occurs at low frequency, usually < 2, and conversion is sporadic. In order to utilize the embryogenic system for improving avocado by genetic transformation and in vitro mutagenesis, different protocols for rescuing the shoots that develop from somatic embryos were evaluated. Shoots derived either from somatic embryos or from shoot tip and nodal cultures were either micrografted or grafted ex vitro onto seedling rootstocks. Depending on scion type, micrografting was 59–100 successful. For ex vitro grafting, several genotypes derived from shoot tip/nodal cultures were used as scions with either top slit or side grafting. Plant recovery after ex vitro grafting was 52–76, and flushing generally occurred 20–25 days after grafting. Top slit and side grafting were equally successful (68–72); however, the former resulted in earlier flushing (21 versus 29 days). These grafting procedures have been adopted for routine rescue of avocado regenerants from somatic embryos.

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Abbreviations

MS:

Murashige and Skoog, 1962

SE:

somatic embryo

BA:

6-benzyl-aminopurine

GA3:

gibberellic acid

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tropical Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280 Street, Homestead, FL, 33031-3314, USA

    Simon H. T. Raharjo & Richard E. Litz

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  1. Simon H. T. Raharjo
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  2. Richard E. Litz
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Correspondence to Richard E. Litz.

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Raharjo, S.H.T., Litz, R.E. Micrografting and ex vitro grafting for somatic embryo rescue and plant recovery in avocado (Persea americana). Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 82, 1–9 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-004-5486-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-004-5486-3

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