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A new Myxobolus (Cnidaria: Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) from the gills of the southern striped shiner, Luxilus chrysocephalus isolepis (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae), from southwestern Arkansas, USA

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Abstract

The southern striped shiner, Luxilus chrysocephalus isolepis (Hubbs & Brown) is a relatively large minnow belonging to the true minnow family Leuciscidae Bonaparte. Between May 2020 and January 2022, 55 L. c. isolepis were collected from watersheds in Montgomery (n = 6), Polk (n = 17) and Sevier (n = 32) counties, Arkansas, USA, and their gills, gallbladders, urinary bladders, fins, integument, other major organs, and musculature were examined for myxozoans. Gills of 11 (34%) individual southern striped shiners from Sevier County were infected with a new myxozoan, Myxobolus carlhubbsi n. sp. A qualitative and quantitative morphological description was based on formalin-fixed preserved myxospores, and molecular data consisted of a 1,970 base pair sequence of the partial small subunit rRNA gene from ethanol-preserved specimens. Histologically, plasmodia filled and expanded interlamellar troughs. Hyperplastic epithelial and goblet cells filled interlamellar troughs adjacent to plasmodia, but inflammatory response was limited to scattered lymphocytes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that M. carlhubbsi n. sp. is a member of a clade of species with pyriform myxospores parasitizing North American Pogonichthyinae Girard and North American and Eurasian Leuciscinae Bonaparte. This is the first report of a myxozoan from L. c. isolepis. This article was registered in the Official Register of Zoological Nomenclature (ZooBank) as urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D10D71C2-2C75-4A1C-80ED-B98FF36CB509.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

Nikolas H. McAllister (North Lamar High School, Paris, Texas, USA) and Zarah S. McAllister (Lukfata Elementary, Broken Bow, Oklahoma, USA) assisted in collections. We thank Drs. Scott L. Gardner and Gabor Racz (HWML) for expert curatorial assistance. Dr. Laurence M. Hardy (Ouachita Mountains Biological Station, Big Fork, Arkansas, USA) for providing gratis housing for CTM during this study. We also thank Dr. Dennis M. Richardson (Quinnipiac University, Hamden, Connecticut, USA) for use of the electrofisher. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the USFWS. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USFWS or U.S. Government.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Science and Mathematics Division, Eastern Oklahoma State College, Idabel, OK, 74745, USA

    Chris T. McAllister

  2. P. O. Box 197, Burdett, KS, 67523, USA

    Donald G. Cloutman

  3. La Crosse Fish Health Center–Midwest Fisheries Center, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Onalaska, WI, 54650, USA

    Eric M. Leis

  4. Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30677, USA

    Alvin C. Camus

  5. 602 Big Creek Drive, Sherwood, AR, 72120, USA

    Henry W. Robison

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Contributions

This study was designed by CTM, DGC, and EML. Field collections were performed by CTM and HWR. Laboratory procedures for processing fish and necropsy were performed by CTM. Laboratory procedures for measurements, photomicrographs (Fig.1), and isolation of plasmodia and myxospores were performed by CTM, DGC, and EML. The line drawing (Fig. 2) was prepared by DGC. ACC performed the histopathological analysis and prepared photomicrographs in Fig. 3. EML performed molecular analyses and prepared Fig. 4 and Fig. 5. The manuscript was written by all authors and all read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Chris T. McAllister.

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All applicable institutional, national and international guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. The Arkansas Game and Fish Commission provided Scientific Collecting Permit No. 1551646 to CTM.

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McAllister, C.T., Cloutman, D.G., Leis, E.M. et al. A new Myxobolus (Cnidaria: Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) from the gills of the southern striped shiner, Luxilus chrysocephalus isolepis (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae), from southwestern Arkansas, USA. Syst Parasitol 100, 215–229 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-023-10082-8

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