1 Retraction Note to: The Journal of Supercomputing (2019) 76:16–46 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-02836-3

The Editor-in-Chief and the publisher have retracted this article. The article was submitted to be part of a guest-edited issue. An investigation by the publisher found a number of articles, including this one, with a number of concerns, including but not limited to compromised editorial handling and peer review process, inappropriate or irrelevant references or not being in scope of the journal or guest-edited issue. Based on the investigation's findings the Editor-in-Chief therefore no longer has confidence in the results and conclusions of this article.

The authors Chun-Hsiung Tseng and Yung-Hui Chen disagree with this retraction. The authors Chuan-Yu Chang and Wei-Chun Lee have not responded to correspondence regarding this retraction. The Publisher has not been able to obtain a current email address for authors Lawrence Y. Deng and Long-He Lee.