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The Host Galaxies of Tidal Disruption Events

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Abstract

Recent studies of Tidal Disruption Events (TDEs) have revealed unexpected correlations between the TDE rate and the large-scale properties of the host galaxies. In this review, we present the host galaxy properties of all TDE candidates known to date and quantify their distributions. We consider throughout the differences between observationally-identified types of TDEs and differences from spectroscopic control samples of galaxies. We focus here on the black hole and stellar masses of TDE host galaxies, their star formation histories and stellar populations, the concentration and morphology of the optical light, the presence of AGN activity, and the extra-galactic environment of the TDE hosts. We summarize the state of several possible explanations for the links between the TDE rate and host galaxy type. We present estimates of the TDE rate for different host galaxy types and quantify the degree to which rate enhancement in some types results in rate suppression in others. We discuss the possibilities for using TDE host galaxies to assist in identifying TDEs in upcoming large transient surveys and possibilities for TDE observations to be used to study their host galaxies.

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Notes

  1. See e.g. Jonker et al. (2019) for more late-time X-ray detections of UV/optical TDEs; this article was posted to the arXiv during review of this article.

  2. We note that the sample presented by Wevers et al. (2019a) contains a smaller but not completely overlapping sample to that presented in this review, due to differences in the TDE selection and differences in available data.

  3. This event is included in our catalogue (F01004), although its classification as a TDE is controversial. Trakhtenbrot et al. (2019) argue it may not be a true TDE, although the space for observed TDE features may be broader than expected (Leloudas et al. 2019).

  4. See above for a more thorough discussion of the Sérsic indices of TDE hosts, accounting for trends in stellar mass and black hole mass.

  5. ASASSN14li, RBS1032, SDSS J1342, SDSS J0748, ASASSN14ae, ASASSN18zj.

  6. SDSS J1323, NGC 5905, SDSS J0952, PTF09ge, AT2018dyk, AT2018bsi.

  7. Although the details of this will depend on the TDE samples and comparison samples used, see previous discussions in §2.2 and §2.3.

  8. \(\beta \) is defined such that if all orbits are purely radial, \(\beta =1\), and if all orbits are purely tangential, \(\beta = -\infty \).

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Acknowledgements

We thank the referees for their detailed feedback and helpful suggestions, which have improved this review.

The authors thank ISSI for their support and hospitality and the review organizers for their leadership in coordinating this set of reviews.

K.D.F. is supported by Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51391.001-A, provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. A.I.Z. acknowledges support from NASA through STScI grant HST-GO-14717.001-A. T.W. is funded in part by European Research Council grant 320360 and by European Commission grant 730980. O.G. is supported by an NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Fellowship under award AST-1602595.

Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. The SDSS-III website is http://www.sdss3.org/. SDSS-III is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS-III Collaboration, including the University of Arizona, the Brazilian Participation Group, Brookhaven National Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Carnegie Mellon University, University of Florida, the French Participation Group, the German Participation Group, Harvard University, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, the Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, New Mexico State University, New York University, the Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the Spanish Participation Group, University of Tokyo, University of Utah, Vanderbilt University, University of Virginia, University of Washington, and Yale University.

This publication makes use of data products from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (Wright et al. 2010), which is a joint project of the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

This work made use of the IPython package (Pérez and Granger 2007). This research made use of SciPy (Jones et al. 2001). This research made use of Astropy, a community-developed core Python package for Astronomy (Robitaille et al. 2013). This research made use of NumPy (Van Der Walt et al. 2011).

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  1. Observatories of the Carnegie Institute for Science, 813 Santa Barbara St., Pasadena, CA, 91101, USA

    K. Decker French

  2. Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK

    Thomas Wevers

  3. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA

    Jamie Law-Smith

  4. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA

    Or Graur

  5. Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA

    Ann I. Zabludoff

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The Tidal Disruption of Stars by Massive Black Holes

Edited by Peter G. Jonker, Sterl Phinney, Elena Maria Rossi, Sjoert van Velzen, Iair Arcavi and Maurizio Falanga

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French, K.D., Wevers, T., Law-Smith, J. et al. The Host Galaxies of Tidal Disruption Events. Space Sci Rev 216, 32 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00657-y

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