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Differential Rotation of Solar Filaments Early Observed by the OGAUC in the Period 1929 – 1941

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Abstract

The solar filaments obtained from the daily Ca ii K3 observations at the Coimbra Astronomical Observatory, which is now called the Geophysical and Astronomical Observatory of the University of Coimbra (OGAUC), for the period 1929 – 1941 have been digitized and validated, and they are confirmed to be reliable for solar activity studies. We use these filament data to investigate the rotation and differential degree of the solar high chromosphere. The main results are as follows: (1) the rotation profile of filaments is somewhat steeper than the rotation profile for long-lived Hα filaments; (2) the high chromosphere filaments rotate faster than sunspots, the photosphere, and the medium-low chromosphere at middle-low latitudes; (3) solar filaments rotate at a higher rotation rate in the descending phase of the solar cycle than in the ascending phase, and their rotation velocities are relatively faster around the year of solar maximum. The possible explanation for the above results is given.

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Data Availability

The datasets used in this work are available from the Appendix A of this article DOI.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the anonymous referee for careful reading of the manuscript and constructive comments, which improved its original version. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11973085, 11903077, 11803086, 11703085, and 11633008), the Yunnan Ten-Thousand Talents Plan (the Yunling-Scholar Project), the national project for large scale scientific facilities (2019YFA0405001), the Yunnan Fundamental Research Project (202201AS070042), and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

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  1. Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650011, People’s Republic of China

    Miao Wan & Kejun Li

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China

    Miao Wan

  3. Key Laboratory of Solar Activity, National Astronomical Observatories, CAS, Beijing, 100012, People’s Republic of China

    Kejun Li

  4. Center for Astronomical Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People’s Republic of China

    Kejun Li

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Wan, M., Li, K. Differential Rotation of Solar Filaments Early Observed by the OGAUC in the Period 1929 – 1941. Sol Phys 297, 126 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-022-02059-5

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