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On the Hemispheric Bias Seen in Vector Magnetic Field Data

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Abstract

The east–west component of the magnetic field, Bϕ, as observed in solar magnetograms containing quiet regions, is found to change its sign when the regions cross the central meridian. It is seen in both HMI/SDO and VSM/SOLIS full disk vector magnetograms. A mismatch between the calibrated line-of-sight and transverse fields is the reason for this hemispheric bias problem. Here mismatch means that one of the fields is either over-estimated or under-estimated. For HMI data, the transverse field is over-estimated. This mismatch is caused ultimately by a filling factor that is not precisely determined when unresolved structures are present. An updated inversion procedure for HMI observations, developed recently, is able to derive the filling factor with reasonable accuracy. The new data show that the hemispheric bias problem has been mitigated substantially.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the anonymous referee for valuable suggestions and comments that helped improve the paper. This work was supported by NASA Contract NAS5-02139 (HMI) to Stanford University. X. Sun acknowledges support from NASA award 80NSSC21K0736. ABGM acknowledges support from the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence Scheme, Project Number 262622. The data have been used by courtesy of NASA/SDO and the HMI science team.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-4085, USA

    Yang Liu, Ana Belén Griñón-Marín, Jon T. Hoeksema & Aimee A. Norton

  2. Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315, Oslo, Norway

    Ana Belén Griñón-Marín

  3. Rosseland Centre for Solar Physics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315, Oslo, Norway

    Ana Belén Griñón-Marín

  4. Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Pukalani, HI, 96768, USA

    Xudong Sun

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  1. Yang Liu
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  2. Ana Belén Griñón-Marín
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  3. Jon T. Hoeksema
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  4. Aimee A. Norton
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Correspondence to Yang Liu.

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Liu, Y., Griñón-Marín, A.B., Hoeksema, J.T. et al. On the Hemispheric Bias Seen in Vector Magnetic Field Data. Sol Phys 297, 17 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-022-01949-y

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