Abstract
In this paper we describe in detail the implementation and main properties of a new inversion code for the polarized radiative transfer equation (VFISV: Very Fast Inversion of the Stokes Vector). VFISV will routinely analyze pipeline data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on-board of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). It will provide full-disk maps (4096×4096 pixels) of the magnetic field vector on the Solar Photosphere every ten minutes. For this reason VFISV is optimized to achieve an inversion speed that will allow it to invert sixteen million pixels every ten minutes with a modest number (approx. 50) of CPUs. Here we focus on describing a number of important details, simplifications and tweaks that have allowed us to significantly speed up the inversion process. We also give details on tests performed with data from the spectropolarimeter on-board of the Hinode spacecraft.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Auer, L.H., House, L.L., Heasley, J.N.: 1977, Solar Phys. 55, 47.
Baur, T.G., Elmore, D.E., Lee, R.H., Qerfeld, C.W., Rogers, S.R.: 1981, Solar Phys. 70, 395.
Bellot Rubio, L.R.: 2006, In: Casini, R., Lites, B.W. (eds.) Solar Polarization 4, ASP Conf. Ser. 358, 107.
Bishop, C.M.: 1994, Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition, Oxford University Press, London.
Borrero, J.M.: 2004, The fine structure of the sunspot penumbra. Ph.D. Thesis, Göttingen University.
Borrero, J.M., Tomczyk, S., Norton, A., Darnell, T., Schou, J., Scherrer, P., Bush, R., Liu, Y.: 2007, Solar Phys. 240, 177.
Carroll, T.A., Staude, J.: 2001, Astron. Astrophys. 378, 316.
Del Toro Iniesta, J.C.: 2003a, Astron. Nachr. 324, 383.
Del Toro Iniesta, J.C.: 2003b, Introduction to Spectropolarimetry, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Frutiger, C.: 2000, Ph.D. Thesis, Institute of Astronomy, ETH-Zurich.
Graham, J.D., Norton, A., López Ariste, A., Lites, B., Socas-Navarro, H., Tomczyk, S.: 2003, In: Trujillo-Bueno, J., Sánchez Almeida, J. (eds.) Solar Polarization, ASP Conference Series 307, 131.
Hui, A.K., Armstrong, B.H., Wray, A.A.: 1977, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 18, 509.
Ichimoto, K., Lites, B.W., Elmore, D., Suematsu, Y., Tsuneta, S., Katsukawa, Y., et al.: 2008, Solar Phys. 249, 233.
Jefferies, J.T., Mickey, D.L.: 1991, Astrophys. J. 372, 694.
Kosugi, T., Matsuzaki, K., Sakao, T., Shimuzu, T., Sone, Y., Tachikawa, S., et al.: 2007, Solar Phys. 243, 3.
Landolfi, M., Landi Degl’Innocenti, E.: 1982, Solar Phys. 78, 355.
Letchworth, K.L., Benner, D.C.: 2007, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 107, 173.
Lites, B.W., Elmore, D.F., Streander, K.V.: 2001, In: Sigwarth, M. (ed.) Advanced Solar Polarimetry, ASP Conference Series 236, 33.
Lites, B., Casini, R., Garcia, J., Socas-Navarro, H.: 2007, Mem. Soc. Astron. Ital. 78, 148.
Nave, G., Johansson, S., Learner, R.C.M., Thorne, P.: 1994, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 94, 221.
Neckel, H., Labs, D.: 1994, Solar Phys. 153, 91.
Norton, A.A., Pietarila, Graham J., Ulrich, R.K., Schou, J., Tomczyk, S., Liu, Y., et al.: 2006, Solar Phys. 239, 69.
Orozco Suárez, D., Del Toro Iniesta, J.C.: 2007, Astron. Astrophys. 462, 1137.
Press, W., Flannery, B., Teukolsky, S., Vetterling, W.: 1986, Numerical Recipes – The Art of Scientific Computing, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 387.
Rees, D.E., López Ariste, A., Thatcher, J., Semel, M.: 2000, Astron. Astrophys. 355, 759.
Ruiz Cobo, B.: 2006, In: Kneer, F., Puschmann, K.G., Wittmann, A.D. (eds.) Modern Solar Facilities – Advanced Solar Science, Universitätsverlag, Göttingen, 287.
Ruiz Cobo, B., Del Toro Iniesta, J.C.: 1992, Astrophys. J. 398, 375.
Sánchez Almeida, J.: 1997, Astron. Astrophys. 491, 993.
Shimizu, T., Nagata, S., Tsuneta, S., Tarbell, T., Edwards, C., Shine, R., et al.: 2008, Solar Phys. 249, 221.
Skumanich, A., Lites, B.W.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 322, 473.
Socas-Navarro, H.: 2003, Neural Netw. 16, 355.
Socas-Navarro, H.: 2005, Astrophys. J. 621, 545.
Socas-Navarro, H., López Ariste, A., Lites, B.W.: 2001, Astrophys. J. 553, 949.
Suematsu, T., Tsuneta, S., Ichimoto, K., Shimizu, T., Otsubo, M., Katsukawa, Y., et al.: 2008, Solar Phys. 249, 197.
Tsuneta, S., Ichimoto, K., Katsukawa, Y., Nagata, S., Otsubo, M., Shimizu, T., et al.: 2008, Solar Phys. 249, 167.
Unsold, A.: 1955, Physik der Sternatmospharen, Springer, Berlin.
Westendorp Plaza, C., del Toro Iniesta, J.C., Ruiz Cobo, B., Martínez Pillet, V., Lites, B.W., Skumanich, A.: 1998, Astrophys. J. 494, 453.
Wittmann, A.: 1974, Solar Phys. 35, 11.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Borrero, J.M., Tomczyk, S., Kubo, M. et al. VFISV: Very Fast Inversion of the Stokes Vector for the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager. Sol Phys 273, 267–293 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-010-9515-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-010-9515-6