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Ring of Stations Method in Cosmic Rays Variations Research

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Abstract

For over 60 years, neutron monitors have been the main standard and high precision detectors for measuring cosmic rays with energy from 400 MeV to hundreds GeV. In order to obtain sufficiently complete information about the distribution of cosmic rays outside the magnetosphere, it is necessary to have a network of detectors spaced evenly enough around the globe. The ring of stations method is one of the most useful methods for studying the properties of the angular distribution of cosmic rays without expressing the cosmic ray intensity in terms of spherical harmonics. The method allows one to get the hourly longitude distribution of the cosmic ray intensity without modeling. The main objective of this work is to expand the use of the ring of stations method, as it is a convenient and useful method of studying cosmic ray variation. Using the ring of stations method, it is possible to study specific angular distributions of cosmic ray variation that are described poorly by the sum of the first spherical harmonics. The ring of stations method is primarily used to study Forbush decreases. Detailed descriptions of Forbush decrease investigation by the ring of stations method are presented in this study. The application of the method to the study of the precursors of Forbush decreases and cosmic rays behavior inside the solar wind disturbances is shown.

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Acknowledgements

This research was partially supported by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research under grants 18-52-34004 and 18-02-00451, experimentally and methodologically supported by the project UNU. We also acknowledge the NMDB database (www.nmdb.eu), founded under the European Unions FP7 program (contract No. 213007), for providing the data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN), Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russia

    M. A. Abunina, A. V. Belov, E. A. Eroshenko, A. A. Abunin, V. G. Yanke, N. S. Shlyk & I. I. Pryamushkina

  2. Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University), Moscow, 119991, Russia

    A. A. Melkumyan

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  1. M. A. Abunina
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  2. A. V. Belov
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  3. E. A. Eroshenko
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  4. A. A. Abunin
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Correspondence to A. A. Abunin.

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Abunina, M.A., Belov, A.V., Eroshenko, E.A. et al. Ring of Stations Method in Cosmic Rays Variations Research. Sol Phys 295, 69 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-020-01639-7

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