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Synthesis of highly effective CuO–FeSe2 composites for the photodegradation of RhB under visible light

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Abstract

The release of industrial effluents into fresh water is a major contributor of water contamination. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop a viable solution to this alarming issue to improve the quality of clean water. To enhance the photocatalytic efficiency and hence utilization ratio of CuO, a series of CuO–FeSe2 composites with different varying contents of FeSe2 were prepared through facile synthetic methods. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-rays (EDX) analysis verified that the samples were successfully prepared without any contaminating phases. The average crystallite sizes of CuO and FeSe2 were computed to be 29 and 21 nm respectively. For the CuO–FeSe2 composites, the crystallite sizes varied between 25 and 27 nm. The morphology of CuO was comprised of needle-shaped structures, whereas that of FeSe2 was observed to be flower-shaped structures comprising of irregular crystals. A red shift in the bandgap of CuO–FeSe2 composites was observed with the increase in FeSe2 concentration. The prepared photocatalysts were utilized to evaluate their efficiency under visible light against Rhodamine B (RhB). Among all the prepared composites, CuO–75% FeSe2 revealed a remarkable performance and degraded 96% RhB in 180 min. Rate constants for the degradation of the dye were determined by applying the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan for providing funding (NRPU Project 5349/Federal/NRPU/R&D/HEC/2016). The authors also acknowledge the generous support from the Researchers Supporting Project Number (RSP 2024R122), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan

    Furqan Ahmad, Sibghat Ullah Khan, Iqra Parveen & Shams ur Rahman

  2. Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan

    Rafaqat Hussain

  3. National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan

    A. Shah

  4. Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Mohamed Fahad Alajmi & Afzal Hussain

  5. Department of Bone Joint and Sports Medicine, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, 266071, China

    Muhammad Arif

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  1. Furqan Ahmad
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Contributions

FA contributed to the investigation, formal analysis, and writing—original draft. RH was involved in conceptualization, methodology, project administration, writing—review and editing. AS and IP contributed to the data curation and investigation. MFA and AH participated in resources and writing—review and editing. MA and SUK contributed to investigation, validation, formal analysis. SUR was involved in supervision, project administration, funding acquisition, writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Rafaqat Hussain or Shams ur Rahman.

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Ahmad, F., Hussain, R., Khan, S.U. et al. Synthesis of highly effective CuO–FeSe2 composites for the photodegradation of RhB under visible light. Res Chem Intermed 50, 2501–2518 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-024-05286-6

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