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Nonthermal plasma catalysis using ferrites as an efficient catalyst for toluene degradation

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Abstract

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a major class of pollutants that are hazardous to human health and environment. An emerging and successful technology for the treatment of VOC, even at low concentrations is nonthermal plasma (NTP). However, it has the disadvantages of generating undesired by-products and is less energy efficient. In this work, the NTP is combined with ferrite-based catalysts Co–Zn–Fe2O4, Co–Fe2O4, and Zn–Fe2O4 are prepared by the coprecipitation method to study the impact of input power (11–44 W), CO2 selectivity, NOx, O3, and undesired by-product generation for the degradation of toluene as representing VOC. The NTP with catalysts significantly improves the removal efficiency of toluene and suppresses by-product formation. Particularly, Co–Fe2O4 showed the highest toluene removal efficiency than Co–Zn–Fe2O4, Zn–Fe2O4, and NTP-alone. Moreover, the Co–Fe2O4 catalyst gives 66.66% higher removal efficiency of toluene than NTP-alone and reduces the generation of organic by-products. This is due to the adsorptive nature of the active sites of catalyst that prolongs residence intervals of VOCs to interact with high-energy electrons and active radicals from the plasma discharge zone. This study reveals that NTP incorporated with a catalytic system to convert VOC is truly sustainable and has great potential for future development.

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Acknowledgements

This research is based on the work supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51778229).

Funding

Ji Yang reports financial support was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51778229).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China

    Khurram Shahzad Ayub, Zain Abbas, Umair Mushtaq, Haroon Khalid & Ji Yang

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Hafiz Hayat Campus, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan

    Khurram Shahzad Ayub

  3. Research Centre, Forward Sports Private Limited, Sialkot, Pakistan

    Zain Abbas

  4. Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector, H-12 Main Campus, Islamabad, 4400, Pakistan

    Waqas Qamar Zaman

  5. Department of Electrical Engineering, Hafiz Hayat Campus, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan

    Shoaib Rauf

  6. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan

    Muazzam Arshad

  7. Department of Chemical Engineering, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Engineering and Technology, Multan, 60000, Pakistan

    Meesam Ali

  8. School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Sector, H-12 main Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Waheed Miran

  9. Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecology Security, Shanghai, 20092, People’s Republic of China

    Ji Yang

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  1. Khurram Shahzad Ayub
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study. KSA and ZA gave concept, designed and conducted the experimental work, and investigated and wrote the paper under the supervision of YJ. WQZ, SR, M MA, and W helped to analyze the nonthermal plasma, characterization data, and conceptualization. Umair Mushtaq and Haroon Khalid analyzed experimental data. The manuscript was revised through discussion and comments of all the authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ji Yang.

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Ayub, K.S., Abbas, Z., Zaman, W.Q. et al. Nonthermal plasma catalysis using ferrites as an efficient catalyst for toluene degradation. Res Chem Intermed 49, 2399–2415 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-023-05010-w

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