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Development of visible light-responsive N-doped TiO2/SiO2 core–shell nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye

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Abstract

A visible-light responsive Nitrogen-doped TiO2 photocatalyst (NT) is a promising photocatalyst for environmental applications. This study aimed to synthesize N-doped TiO2/SiO2 (NT/SiO2) core/shell nanoparticles and investigate the effect of SiO2 on the photocatalytic reactivity of NT. The NT photocatalyst was prepared by the solvothermal method, while the NT/SiO2 core/shell photocatalysts were prepared by the sol–gel method with and without the use of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a directing agent. The photocatalytic reactivity of the NT/SiO2 core/shell photocatalysts was examined by methylene blue (MB) photodegradation under light-emitting diode visible light irradiation. Transmission electron microscope images indicated the core/shell structure, in which NT was a core and mesoporous SiO2 was a shell. The bonding of NT and SiO2 was examined by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Interestingly, using CTAB caused a decrease in the photocatalytic performance of NT/SiO2 due to the aggregation of NT particles. The results of MB photodegradation indicated that the NT/SiO2 core/shell catalysts (without CTAB) had higher MB photodegradation efficiency (72%) than that of the NT/CTAB/SiO2 core/shell catalysts (60%), and bare NT (30%), respectively. The role of the mesoporous SiO2 shell was not only to increase the specific surface area but also to decrease the recombination rate of photogenerated electrons and holes in the NT/SiO2 core/shell photocatalysts.

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The datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Funding

This study was supported by the Research and Researcher for Industries (RRI) scholarship from Thailand Research Fund (TRF) under grant number PHD61I0007, the Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Centre of Excellence on Energy Technology and Environment, PERDO, Thailand, and Thailand Science Research and Innovation (TSRI) Basic Research Fund: The fiscal year 2022 under project number FRB650048/0164.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand

    S. Samangsri

  2. Center of Excellence On Energy Technology and Environment, PERDO, Bangkok, Thailand

    S. Samangsri

  3. Marine Environmental and Geoinformatics Technology Research Unit, Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University Phuket Campus, Phuket, 83120, Thailand

    T. Areerob

  4. Environmental Technology Program, School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand

    S. Chiarakorn

  5. Environmental and Energy Management for Community and Circular Economy (EEC&C) Research Group, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand

    S. Chiarakorn

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  1. S. Samangsri
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Contributions

SC was in charge of a research supervisor and acted as a corresponding author. TA was responsible for the data validation. SS was responsible for conducting the experiments and preparing the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to S. Chiarakorn.

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Samangsri, S., Areerob, T. & Chiarakorn, S. Development of visible light-responsive N-doped TiO2/SiO2 core–shell nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye. Res Chem Intermed 49, 1649–1664 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-022-04925-0

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