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Enhanced fluoride adsorption and regeneration efficiency of cross-linker-free mesoporous hydroxyapatite/chitosan nanocomposites

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Abstract

The presence of F− ions in water is either a helpful or harmful outcome, contingent upon the concentration level of the pollutant. In this work, hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HAp/CS) nanocomposites were prepared incorporating varying weight percentages of chitosan with HAp, using co-precipitation followed by lyophilization without employing any cross-linking agents for the adsorption of F− ions. An increase in the concentration of chitosan in the HAp matrix significantly enhanced the colloidal stability, F− ion adsorption capacity, and reduced the particle size (length 38% and width 86%) when compared to HAp. The respective maximum F− adsorption capacity of HAp/CS1, HAp/CS2, HAp/CS3, and HAp/CS4 nanocomposites were 56 mg/g, 80 mg/g, 82 mg/g, and 100 mg/g at pH 7, which was considerably higher (10 times) than HAp when compared to other existing reports. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics of HAp and HAp/CS nanocomposite adsorbent confirmed the monolayer and strong chemisorption mechanisms. The surface morphology of the adsorbent after adsorption of F− ions changed from rod to sphere along with an increase in particle size, as confirmed by HR-TEM. Moreover, FTIR and XPS analysis revealed the surface interaction between the adsorbent and F− ions through ion exchange and electrostatic interaction, which lead to the formation of fluorapatite. HAp/CS4 showed 2.5 times higher sustainable regeneration efficiency (90% in 30 min) up to 7th cycle than HAp. Furthermore, the solution pH (5–7) of treated water was maintained at neutral pH after fluoride adsorption, rendering the water potable. Hence, these results demonstrate that chitosan plays a significant role in the removal of F− ions and this composite is ideal for F− ion adsorption applications.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, for funding through the scheme of Technology Development Programme-1010 [Sanction no: DST/TM/WTI/2K16/219(G)-A]. The corresponding author (SNK) thanks the University Grants Commission, India, for the UGC-BSR Faculty Fellowship award [No. F.4-5(11)2019 (BSR)]. One of the authors (SS) acknowledges the receipt of the Anna Centenary Research Fellowship (ACRF). The authors thank Dr. S. Moorthy Babu, Anna University, and Dr. M. Palanisamy, Madras University, for the discussions and help in the interpretation of the results.

Funding

This work was financial supported by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, Grant No DST/TM/WTI/2K16/219(G)-A, and University Grants Commission, India, Grant No. F.4–5(11)2019 (BSR). Partial financial support was received from the Anna Centenary Research Fellowship (ACRF), Anna University, India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600 025, India

    Saranya Sekar, Sandeep Eswaran Panchu & Narayana Kalkura Subbaraya

  2. Department of Material Science & Engineering, Advanced Materials and Analysis Centre, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA

    Elayaraja Kolanthai

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  1. Saranya Sekar
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  3. Elayaraja Kolanthai
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SS was responsible for conceptualization, methodology, and investigation; SS and SEP wrote and prepared the original draft; SEP was involved in software and formal analysis; EK and NKS participated in writing—reviewing and editing; NKS carried out investigation, supervision, and project administration. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Narayana Kalkura Subbaraya.

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Sekar, S., Panchu, S.E., Kolanthai, E. et al. Enhanced fluoride adsorption and regeneration efficiency of cross-linker-free mesoporous hydroxyapatite/chitosan nanocomposites. Res Chem Intermed 48, 4857–4882 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-022-04840-4

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