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Bismuth sulfide photocatalysis water treatment under visible irradiation

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Abstract

Many contaminants in water are not completely removed by conventional water purification techniques. So, the need of fast and efficient technique for water purification is required for efficient removal. Photocatalysis using low bandgap semiconductors is capable of detoxifying contaminated water. Herein, bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) nanorods were synthesized using a solid-state reaction method and their photocatalytic performance was tested for the removal of Congo red dye from water. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed the formation of Bi2S3 with a crystallite size of 5.0 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images confirmed the formation of Bi2S3 nanorods with a diameter of 20–30 nm, length of 100 nm -150 nm and an aspect ratio of 5. Photoluminescence (PL) spectrum revealed the bandgap value of 2.47 eV. The specific surface area calculated using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) of Bi2S3 nanorods was 94.44 m2/g and pore volume was 0.158 cm3/g. The photodegradation of toxic Congo red was performed using Bi2S3 nanorods under UV irradiation. Photodegradation efficiencies up to 87% for Congo red dye were observed within 90 min. The pseudo-first-order (PFO) kinetic model was best fitted to understand the kinetics of photocatalysis. For Bi2S3 nanorods photocatalysts, the apparent rate constant value was 0.01573/min with a 0.997 correlation coefficient value.

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Acknowledgements

The author “S S Batool” acknowledges COMSATS University Islamabad

Funding

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFB2200500), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 61974170,61934007,61675195), the Opened Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics No. IOSKL2018KF17, the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission project (Grant No. Z191100004819011).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China

    Atiya Khalid, Kexin He, Bingxue Liu, Xiaoming Zhang, Syeda Sitwat Batool & Chuanbo Li

  2. Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan

    Atiya Khalid, Mushtaq Ahmad & Syeda Sitwat Batool

  3. Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan

    Jaweria Ambreen & Safia Hasan

  4. Optoelectronics Research Center, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China

    Chuanbo Li

  5. National Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGI), Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Naveed Akhtar

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  1. Atiya Khalid
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  2. Naveed Akhtar
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  3. Kexin He
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  8. Xiaoming Zhang
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  9. Syeda Sitwat Batool
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Contributions

The author AK initiated the research under supervision of SSB and CL. NA and MA did photocatalysis experiment. JA, SH and XZ helped in analyzing the data.

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Correspondence to Syeda Sitwat Batool or Chuanbo Li.

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Khalid, A., Akhtar, N., He, K. et al. Bismuth sulfide photocatalysis water treatment under visible irradiation. Res Chem Intermed 47, 3395–3409 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-021-04471-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-021-04471-1

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