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Enhanced catalytic activity of bio-fabricated ZnO NPs prepared by ultrasound-assisted route for the synthesis of tetraketone and benzylidenemalonitrile in hydrotropic aqueous medium

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Abstract

Mushroom-like mesoporous and hexagonal ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized from plant extract and chemical method respectively, by co-precipitation method in aqueous medium. Different morphological forms of ZnO NPs were characterized by XRD, TGA, FESEM, EDX, FTIR, UV–Vis and BET. Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract and ultrasound irradiation have a crucial role in the formation of different morphologies of ZnO NPs. ZnO NPs synthesized from plant extract and hydrotrope show a synergistic effect that leads to efficient synthesis of benzylidenemalonitrile and tetraketone derivatives at room temperature in water. Simple preparation of the catalyst, excellent yields, reusability of catalyst with consistent activity and ease of product isolation are the most significant advantages of this green protocol.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Department of Science Technology–Science and Engineering Research Board (DST-SERB) and University Grants Commission (UGC) as major research project and Y.C.I.S. Satara (Autonomous) as seed money. The authors are also thankful to the (DST-FIST) Analytical Instrumentation Lab, Jaysingpur College, Jaysingpur, for providing BET and UVDRS analysis. One of the authors S.A. thanks Krishna Mahavidyalaya, Rethare, for the partial support.

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Correspondence to Santosh B. Kamble.

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Attar, S.R., Shinde, B. & Kamble, S.B. Enhanced catalytic activity of bio-fabricated ZnO NPs prepared by ultrasound-assisted route for the synthesis of tetraketone and benzylidenemalonitrile in hydrotropic aqueous medium. Res Chem Intermed 46, 4723–4748 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-020-04233-5

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