Abstract
The anodic oxidation of the 4,4′-dimethoxychalcone (DMC) was investigated by different electrochemical methods at a platinum working electrode and in acetonitrile as a solvent. The DMC exhibited a single irreversible anodic peak around 1.6 V versus Ag/AgCl. On the time scale of cyclic voltammetry experiments, the highly reactive radical cation issued from the first electron transfer underwent a second order rate-limiting reaction. The potential imposed electrolyses of DMC led to the formation of a semi-conducting oligomer with 40 % yield. Using different physico-chemicals methods, the structural study confirmed the formation of an o-phenylenevinylene oligomer. The values of the corresponding optical and electrochemical band gaps were calculated to be 3.15 and 2.86 eV, respectively. Finally, a mechanism for the DMC electro-oligomerization was proposed on the basis of the obtained results.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A.H. Said, F. Matoussi, C. Amatore, J.-N. Verpeaux, J. Electroanal. Chem. (1999). doi:10.1016/s0022-0728(98)00477-x
A.H. Said, F. Matoussi, C. Amatore, L. Thouin, C. Pebay, J.-N. Verpeaux, J. Electroanal. Chem (2002). doi:10.1016/s0022-0728(02)01226-3
A.H. Said, C. Dridi, S. Roudesli, F. Matoussi, Eur. Polym. J (2000). doi:10.1016/s0014-3057(99)00142-1
S. Bergaoui, A.H. Said, F. Matoussi, Eur. Polym. J. (2002). doi:10.1016/s0014-3057(02)00075-7
S. Bergaoui, A.H. Said, S. Roudesli, F. Matoussi, Electrochim. Acta (2006). doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2005.12.031
S. Ben Amor, A.H. Said, M. Chemek, S. Ayachi, F. Massuyeau, J. Wéry, K. Alimi, S. Roudesli, J. Mol. Struct. (2013). doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.03.050
S. Ayachi, S. Bergaoui, I.B. Khalifa, A.H. Said, M. Chemek, F. Massuyeau, J. Wéry, E. Faulques, K. Alimi, Synthetic Met (2013). doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2012.12.026
I.B. Khalifa, S. Bargaoui, A.H. Said, S. Ayachi, B. Zaidi, J. Wéry, K. Alimi, J. Mol. Struct (2011). doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.04.029
B. Delavaux-Nicot, J. Maynadie, D. Lavabre, S. Fery-Forgues, J. Organomet. Chem. (2007). doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.10.045
B. Delavaux-Nicot, J. Maynadie, D. Lavabre, S. Fery-Forgues, J. Organomet. Chem. (2007). doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.03.044
J. Maynadie, B. Delavaux-Nicot, D. Lavabre, S. Fery-Forgues, J. Organomet. Chem. (2006). doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.11.021
S. Shettigar, K. Chandrasekharan, G. Umesh, B.K. Sarojini, B. Narayana, Polymer (2006). doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2006.03.062
E.D. D’silva, G.K. Podagatlapalli, S.V. Rao, S.M. Dharmaprakash, Mater. Res. Bull (2012). doi:10.1016/j.materresbull.2012.06.063
Z. Xu, W. Yang, C. Dong, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. (2005). doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.06.014
J. Indira, P.P. Karata, B.K. Sarojini, J. Cryst. Growth (2002). doi:10.1016/s0022-0248(02)01306-4
P. Rajakumar, K. Visalakshi, S. Ganesan, P. Maruthamuthu, S.A. Suthanthiraraj, J. Mater. Sci. (2012). doi:10.1007/s10853-011-5967-9
S.R. Annapoorna, M.P. Rao, B. Sethuram, J. Electroanal. Chem. (2000). doi:10.1016/s0022-0728(00)00166-2
L.D. Hicks, A.J. Fry, V.C. Kurzweil, Electrochim. Acta (2004). doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2004.08.003
J.Y. Alston, A.J. Fry, Electrochim. Acta (2004). doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2003.08.028
P. Tompe, G. Clementis, I. Petnehazy, Z.M. Jaszay, L. Toke, Anal. Chim. Acta (1995). doi:10.1016/0003-2670(94)00354-o
Z. Saničanin, I. Tabaković, Tetrahedron Lett. (1986). doi:10.1016/s0040-4039(00)84031-9
Z. Saničanin, I. Tabaković, Electrochim Acta (1988). doi:10.1016/0013-4686(88)80230-5
N. Cotelle, P. Hapiot, J. Pinson, C. Rolando, H. Vezin, J. Phys. Chem. B. (2005). doi:10.1021/jp0550661
K.M. Naik, S.T. Nandibewoor, Am. J. Anal. Chem. (2012). doi:10.4236/ajac.2012.39086
K. Kurosawa, J. Higuchi, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn (1972). doi:10.1246/bcsj.45.1132
R. Annapoorna, M.P. Rao, B. Sethuram, Int. J. Chem. Kinet. (2000). doi:10.1002/1097-4601(2000)32:10%3C581::aid-kin1%3E3.0.co;2-k
A. Dhakshinamoorthy, K. Pitchumani, Catal. Commun. (2009). doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2008.12.025
A. Dhakshinamoorthy, K. Pitchumani, Tetrahedron (2006). doi:10.1016/j.tet.2006.08.011
V. Srinivasulu, M. Adinarayana, B. Sethuram, T.N. Rao, React. Kinet. Catal. Lett. (1985). doi:10.1007/bf02064480
Y. Jung, K.I. Son, Y.E. Oh, D.Y. Noh, Polyhedron (2008). doi:10.1016/j.poly.2007.11.015
C.P. Andrieux, J. M. Savéant, in Investigations of Rates and Mechanisms of Reactions, vol. 6, 4/E, part 2, ed. by C. Bernasconi (Wiley, New York, 1986), pp. 305–390
G. Vanangamudi, M. Subramanian, P. Jayanthi, R. Arulkumaran, D. Kamalakkannan, G. Thirunarayanan, Arab. J. Chem. (2011). doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.07.019
T.E. Schuler, S.H. Wang, P. Shirley, R.K. Onmori, J. Mater. Sci. (2008). doi:10.1007/s10853-007-1710-y
S. Ghomrasni, I. Aribi, S. Ayachi, A.H. Said, K. Alimi, J. Phys. Chem. Solids (2015). doi:10.1016/j.jpcs.2015.04.005
J.N. Marx, Y.-S.P. Hahn, J. Org. Chem (1988). doi:10.1021/jo00247a046
B. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1965). doi:10.1021/ja00950a023
S. Hammerum, O. Hammerich, Tetrahedron Lett. (1979). doi:10.1016/s0040-4039(01)86780-0
L. Liao, Y. Pang, L. Ding, F.E. Karasz, J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. (2003). doi:10.1002/pola.10810
S. Admassie, O. Inganäs, W. Mammo, E. Perzon, M.R. Andersson, Synthetic. Met. (2006). doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2006.02.013
T. Johansson, W. Mammo, M. Svensson, M.R. Andersson, O. Inganäs, J. Mater. Chem. (2003). doi:10.1039/b301403g
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Tunisia. Authors are grateful to Mr Adel Rdissi for English revision.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Aribi, I., Ayachi, S., Alimi, K. et al. The anodic reactivity of 4,4′-dimethoxychalcone: a synthetic and mechanistic investigation. Res Chem Intermed 43, 73–89 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-016-2607-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-016-2607-7