Skip to main content
Log in

Faculty Agency: Departmental Contexts that Matter in Faculty Careers

  • Published:
Research in Higher Education Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In a modern context of constrained resources and high demands, faculty exert agency to strategically navigate their careers (Baez 2000a; Neumann et al. 2006). Guided by the O’Meara et al. (2011) framework on agency in faculty professional lives, this study used Structural Equation Modeling to investigate which departmental factors (perceptions of tenure and promotion process, work-life climate, transparency, person-department fit, professional development resources, and collegiality) influenced faculty agentic perspective and agentic action. Results showed that faculty perceptions of certain departmental contexts do matter in faculty career agency, such as work-life climate, person-department fit, and professional development resources. These contexts have a particular influence on faculty agentic perspective. Results also showed a large effect of agentic perspective on agentic action. The study has important implications for administrators regarding departmental role in faculty agency and contributes to the growing body of literature on faculty sense of agency in academe.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ackerman, S., Zuroff, D. C., & Moskowitz, D. S. (2000). Generativity in midlife and young adults: Links to agency, communion, and subjective well-being. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 50(1), 17–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alkire, S. (2005). Subjective quantitative studies of human agency. Social Indicators Research, 74, 217–260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ambrose, S., Huston, T., & Norman, M. (2005). A qualitative method for assessing faculty satisfaction. Research in Higher Education, 46, 803–830.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Archer, M. S. (2003). Structure, agency and the internal conversation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Archer, L. (2009). The neoliberal subjects? Young/er academics construction of professional identity. Journal of Educational Policy, 23(3), 265–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • August, L., & Waltman, J. (2004). Culture, climate, and contribution: Career satisfaction among female faculty. Research in Higher Education, 45, 177–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baez, B. (2000a). Race-related service and faculty of color: Conceptualizing critical agency in academe. Higher Education, 39, 363–391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baez, B. (2000b). Agency, structure, and power: An inquiry into racism and resistance for education. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 19, 329–348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37, 122–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baxter Magolda, M. B., & Crosby, P. C. (2011). Preparing students and graduates to navigate life’s challenges: A dialogue on self authorship and the quest for balance of agency and communion. Journal of College and Character, 12(3), 1–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Becher, T., & Trowler, P. R. (2001). Academic tribes and territories: intellectual enquiry and the cultures of disciplines. Philadelphia, PA: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birnbaum, R. (1988). How colleges work. The cybernetics of academic organization and leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackburn, R. T., & Lawrence, J. H. (1995). Faculty at work: Motivation, expectation, satisfaction. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bland, C. J., & Bergquist, W. H. (1997). The Vitality of Senior Faculty Members. Snow on the Roof-Fire in the Furnace. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report, 25(7). Washington, DC: ERIC Clearinghouse on Higher Education.

  • Bland, C. J., Center, B. A., Finstad, D. A., Risbey, K. R., & Staples, J. (2006). The impact of appointment type on the productivity and commitment of full-time faculty in research and doctoral institutions. The Journal of Higher Education, 77, 89–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bolin, M. K. (2000). The collegial environment and the functional organization. Journal of Library Administration, 29(2), 49–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (2003). Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowen, H. R., & Schuster, J. H. (1986). American professors: A national resource imperiled. Fair Lawn, NJ: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bozeman, B., & Gaughan, M. (2011). Job satisfaction among university faculty: Individual, work, and institutional determinants. The Journal of Higher Education, 82(2), 154–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Byrne, B. M. (2006). Structural equation modeling with EQS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. New York, NY: Psychology Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Canaan, J., & Shumar, W. (2012). Structure and agency in the neoliberal university. New York, NY: Routledge Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cerecer, P. D., Ek, L., Alanis, I., & Murakami-Ramalho, E. (2011). Transformative resistance as agency: Chicanas/Latinas (Re)creating academic spaces. The Journal of the Professoriate, 5(1), 70–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chait, R. (2002). The questions of tenure. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cipriano, R. E. (2011). Facilitating a collegial department in higher education. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, B. R. (1987). Perspectives on higher education: Eight disciplinary and comparative views. Berkely, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clausen, J. S. (1991). Adolescent competence and the shaping of the life course. The American Journal of Sociology, 96, 805–842.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clegg, S. (2005). Theorising the mundane: The significance of agency. International studies in sociology of education, 15(2), 149–163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Creamer, E. G. (1998). Assessing faculty publication productivity: Issues of equity. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report, 26(2). Washington, DC: The George Washington University Graduate School of Education and Human Development.

  • Daly, C. J., & Dee, J. R. (2006). Greener pastures. The Journal of Higher Education, 77, 776–803.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, B., & Petersen, E. B. (2005). Neoliberal discourse in the academy: The forestalling of (collective) resistance. Learning and Teaching in the Social Sciences, 2(2), 77–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deil-Amen, R., & Tevis, T. L. (2010). Circumscribed agency: The relevance of standardized college entrance exams for low SES high school students. The Review of Higher Education, 33, 141–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dickens, C. S., & Sagaria, M. A. D. (1997). Feminists at work: Collaborative relationships among women faculty. Review of Higher Education, 21, 79–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eckel, P. D., & Kezar, A. (2006). The challenges facing academic decision making: Contemporary issues and steadfast structures. In P. D. Eckel (Ed.), The shifting frontiers of academic decision making: Responding to new priorities, following new pathways (pp. 1–14). Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elder, G. H, Jr. (1994). Time, human agency, and social change: Perspectives on the life course. Social Psychology Quarterly, 57(1), 4–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emirbayer, M., & Mische, A. (1998). What is agency? American Journal of Sociology, 103, 962–1023.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ganz, M. (2010). Leading change: Leadership, organization and social movements. In N. Nohira & R. Khurana (Eds.), The handbook of leadership and practice (pp. 509–550). Danvers, MA: Harvard Business School Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gappa, J. M., Austin, A. E., & Trice, A. G. (2007). Rethinking faculty work: Higher education’s strategic imperative. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzales, L. D. (2012). Responding to mission creep: Faculty members as cosmopolitan agents. Higher Education, 61(1), 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Groves, R. M., Fowler, F. J., Couper, M. P., Lepkowski, J. M., Singer, E., & Tourangeau, R. (2004). Survey methodology. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagedorn, L. S. (1994). Retirement proximity’s role in the prediction of satisfaction in academe. Research in Higher Education, 35, 711–728.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hagedorn, L. S. (2000). Conceptualizing faculty job satisfaction: Components, theories, and outcomes. New Directions for Institutional Research, 105, 5–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hancock, G. R., & Mueller, R. O. (2006). Structural equation modeling: A second fourse. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinz, W. R. (1996). Status passages as micro–macro linkages in life course research. In A. Weymann & W. R. Heinz (Eds.), Society and biography: Interrelationships between social structure, institutions and the life course (pp. 51–65). Weinheim: Deutscher Studien.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hermanowicz, J. (2009). Lives in science: How institutions affect academic careers. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ibarra, H. (1992). Homophily and differential returns: Sex differences in network structure and access in an advertising firm. Administrative Science Quarterly, 37(3), 422–447.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jayakumar, U. M., Howard, T. C., Allen, W. R., & Han, J. C. (2009). Racial privilege in the professoriate: An exploration of campus climate, retention, and satisfaction. The Journal of Higher Education, 80(5), 538–563.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnsrud, L. K., & Rosser, V. J. (2002). Faculty members’ morale and their intention to leave: A multilevel explanation. The Journal of Higher Education, 73, 518–542.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahana, E., & Kahana, B. (1996). Conceptual and empirical advances in understanding aging well through proactive adaptation. In V. L. Bengtson (Ed.), Adulthood and aging: Research on continuities and discontinuities (pp. 18–40). New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kahn, P. (2009). Contexts for teaching and the exercise of agency in early-career academics: Perspectives from realist social theory. International Journal for Academic Development, 14(3), 197–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kezar, A. (2005). Redesigning for collaboration within higher education institutions: An exploration into the developmental process. Research in Higher Education, 46, 831–860.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laird, P. W. (2006). Pull: Networking and success since Benjamin Franklin. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, J., Ott, M., & Bell, A. (2012). Faculty organizational commitment and citizenship. Research in Higher Education, 53(3), 325–352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lawton, M. P. (1989). Environmental proactivity and affect in older people. In S. Spacapan & S. Askamp (Eds.), The social psychology of aging (pp. 135–163). Newbury Park: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindholm, J. A. (2004). Pathways to the professoriate: The role of self, others, and environment in shaping academic career aspirations. Journal of Higher Education, 75, 603–636.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lindholm, J. A. (2008). Perceived organizational fit: Nurturing the minds, hearts, and personal ambitions of university faculty. The Review of Higher Education, 27, 125–149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Long, N. R. (1990). Institutional strategies for continuing educators: Becoming a part of the agenda. The Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 38(3), 15–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, V. W. (2005). Agency, events, and structure at the end of the life course. Advances in Life Course Research, 10, 57–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mason, M. A., & Ekman, E. M. (2007). Mothers on the fast track: How a new generation can balance family and careers. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Mason, M. A., & Goulden, M. (2004). Do babies matter? (Part II). Academe, 90(6), 10–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McAdams, D. P., de St Aubin, E., & Logan, R. L. (1993). Generativity among young, midlife, and older adults. Psychology and Aging, 8, 221–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, E., Rudd, E., Picciano, J., & Nerad, M. (2011). Are You Satisfied? PhD education and faculty taste for prestige: Limits of the prestige value system. Research in Higher Education, 52(1), 24–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mueller, R. O., & Hancock, G. R. (2008). Best practices in structural equation modeling. In J. Osborne (Ed.), Best practices in quantitative methods (pp. 488–508). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Neumann, A., & Pereira, K. B. (2009). Becoming strategic: Recently tenured university professors as agents of scholarly learning. In A. Neumann (Ed.), Professing to learn: Creating tenured lives and careers in the American research university. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neumann, A., Terosky, A. L., & Schell, J. (2006). Agents of learning: Strategies for assuming agency, for learning, in tenured faculty careers. In S. J. Bracken, J. K. Allen, & D. R. Dean (Eds.), The balancing act: Gendered perspectives in faculty roles and work-lives (pp. 91–120). Sterling VA: Stylus.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Meara, K. (2012). A career with a view: Agentic perspectives of women faculty. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the association for the study of higher education, Las Vegas, Nevada.

  • O’Meara, K.A. & Campbell, C.M. (2011). Faculty sense of agency in decisions about work and family. Review of Higher Education, 35.

  • O’Meara, K.A., Campbell, C. M., & Terosky, A. (2011, November). Living Agency in the Academy: A Conceptual Framework for Research and Action. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for the Study of Higher Education, Charlotte, NC.

  • O’Meara, K. A., Rice, R. E., & Edgerten, G. (2005). Faculty priorities reconsidered: Encouraging multiple forms of scholarship. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Meara, K., Kaufman, R. R., & Kuntz, A. M. (2003). Faculty work in challenging times: Trends, consequences, and implications. Liberal Education, 89(4), 16–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Meara, K. A., Terosky, A. L. P., & Neumann, A. (2008). Faculty careers and work lives: a professional growth perspective. ASHE Higher Education Report (Vol. 34, No. 3). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

  • Olsen, D., Maple, S. A., & Stage, F. K. (1995). Women and minority faculty job satisfaction: Professional role interests, professional satisfactions, and institutional fit. The Journal of Higher Education, 66(3), 267–293.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pickering, A. (1993). The mangle of practice: Agency and emergence in the sociology of science. American Journal of Sociology, 99, 559–589.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rhoades, G. (2012). Faculty organizing for change. Presented at the annual meeting of the Association for the Study of Higher Education: Las Vegas, NV.

  • Rosser, V. J. (2004). Faculty members’ intentions to leave: A national study on their worklife and satisfaction. Research in Higher Education, 45, 285–309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosser, V. J., & Tabata, L. N. (2010). An examination of faculty work: Conceptual and theoretical frameworks in the literature. In Higher education: Handbook of theory and research (pp. 449–475). Netherlands: Springer.

  • Sallee, M. W. (2011). Gender norms and institutional culture: The family friendly versus the father-friendly university. Charlotte, NC.

  • Schuster, J. H., & Finkelstein, M. J. (2006). The American faculty: The restructuring of academic work and careers. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schutz, A. (1967). The phenomenology of the social world, translated by George Walsh and Frederick Lehnert. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen, A. (1985). Well-being, agency and freedom: The Dewey lectures 1984. The Journal of Philosophy, 82(4), 169–221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smeby, J. C., & Try, S. (2005). Departmental contexts and faculty research activity in Norway. Research in Higher Education, 46(6), 593–619.

    Google Scholar 

  • Terosky, A. L. (2005). Taking teaching seriously: A study of university professors and their undergraduates. Unpublished dissertation: Teachers College, Columbia University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tierney, W. G., & Bensimon, E. M. (1996). Promotion and tenure: Community and socialization in academe. Albany, NY: State University of New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trower, C. A., & Chait, R. (2002). Faculty diversity: Too little for too long. Harvard Magazine, 104(4), 33–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vroom, V. (1964). Work and motivation. New York, NY: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, C. J. (2002). Faculty well-being review: An alternative to post-tenure review. In C. M. Licata & J. C. Morreale (Eds.), Post-tenure faculty review and renewal: Experienced voices (pp. 229–241). Merrifield, VA: AAHE Publications.

  • Waltman, J. & Hollenshead, C. (2005). Creating a positive departmental climate: principles for best practices. Retrieved from: http://www.advance.rackham.umich.edu/principles.pdf.

  • Ward, K., & Wolf-Wendel, L. (2004). Academic motherhood. Review of Higher Education, 27, 233–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, Y. J. (2008a). Faculty turnover: Discipline-specific attention is warranted. Research in Higher Education, 49(1), 40–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, Y. J. (2008b). Gender disparity in STEM disciplines: A study of faculty attrition and turnover intentions. Research in Higher Education, 49(7), 607–624.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Corbin M. Campbell.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Campbell, C.M., O’Meara, K. Faculty Agency: Departmental Contexts that Matter in Faculty Careers. Res High Educ 55, 49–74 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-013-9303-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-013-9303-x

Keywords

Navigation