Abstract
Globally, climate change impacts on marine ecosystems are evident in physical, chemical, and biological processes, and are generally more extensive in faster warming regions. China makes the largest contribution of any country to global fisheries production and has experienced severe declines in marine health and biodiversity, and so the current and potential impacts of marine climate change are a large concern for both fisheries and biodiversity. China also has marine regions warming in the top 10% globally, necessitating a thorough understanding of how marine systems are changing so that appropriate corresponding countermeasures can be identified and prioritized. Here, we review and collate what is currently understood about documented and projected responses of marine systems to climate change in Chinese coasts and oceans, from physical, biological, and ecological perspectives, through to impacts on key ecosystems. Our results show extensive change attributed to climate change throughout Chinese marine systems, including red tide bloom events that have been recorded an order of magnitude more frequently in recent decades. Ocean acidification has led to the increased mortality of marine calcifying organisms through effects on the biomineralization process and physiological functions. Moreover, many species have been documented undergoing extensive changes in geographic distribution, with potential implications for species interactions and trophic food webs, as well as important habitats like coral reefs, seagrass, and mangroves. Some constructive laws and actions have been introduced in response to these climate-driven changes, such as actions to reduce pollution and increase artificial propagation and replanting of habitat species, however, addressing the impacts of marine climate change remains a considerable and escalating challenge.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alongi DM (2015) The impact of climate change on mangrove forests. Curr Clim Change Rep 1:30–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-015-0002-x
Anacleto P, Maulvault AL, Barbosa V, Nunes ML, Marques A (2016) Shellfish: charcteristics of crustaceans and mollusks. Encycl Food Health 2016:764–771. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384947-2.00623-1
Ashbridge E, Lucas R, Ticehurst C, Bunting P (2016) Mangrove response to environmental change in Australia’s Gulf of Carpentaria. Ecol Evol 6:3523–3539. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2140
Audzijonyte A, Richards SA, Stuart-Smith RD, Pecl G, Edgar GJ, Barrett NS, Payne N, Blanchard JL (2020) Fish body sizes change with temperature but not all species shrink with warming. Nat Ecol Evol 4:809–814. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-1171-0
Bailey KM, Houde E (1989) Predation on eggs and Larvae of marine fishes and the recruitment problem. Adv Mar Biol 25:1–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2881(08)60187-X
Barbour AB, Montgomery ML, Adamson AA, Díaz-Ferguson E, Silliman BR (2010) Mangrove use by the invasive lionfish Pterois volitans. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 401:291–294. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08373
Blasiak R, Spijkers J, Tokunaga K, Pittman J, Yagi N, Österblom H (2017) Climate change and marine fisheries: Least developed countries top global index of vulnerability. PLoS ONE 12:e0179632. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179632
Bozinovic F, Portner HO (2015) Physiological ecology meets climate change. Ecol Evol 5:1025–1030. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1403
Brander KM (2007) Global fish production and climate change. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:19709–19714. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0702059104
Brierley AS, Kingsford MJ (2009) Impacts of climate change on marine organisms and ecosystems. Curr Biol 19:R602–R614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.05.046
Bulleri F, Chapman MG (2010) The introduction of coastal infrastructure as a driver of change in marine environments. J Appl Ecol 47:26–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01751.x
Burke L, Selig E, Spalding M (2002) Reefs at risk in southeast Asia. World Resources Institute, Washington
Byrne M (2011) Impact of ocean warming and ocean acidification on marine invertebrate life history stages: vulnerabilities and potential for persistence in a changing ocean. Oceanogr Mar Biol Annu Rev 49:1–42
Cai BJ, Lian GS, Lin YH, Lin M (1995) Characters of zooplankton in Taiwan Strait, China. Acta Oceanol Sin 17(2):93–98
Cai RS, Tan HJ, Qi QH (2016) Impacts of and adaption to inter-decadal marine climate change in coastal China seas. Int J Climatol 36:3770–3780. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4591
Cai YC, Xu SN, Chen ZZ, Xu YW, Jiang YE, Yang CP (2018) Current status of community structure and diversity of fishery resources in offshore northern South China Sea. South China Fish Sci 14(2):10–18
Cai RS, Liu KX, Tan HJ (2020) Impacts and risks of climate change on China’s coastal zones and seas and related adaptation. China Popul Resour Environ 30(9):1–8 ((in Chinese))
Cavanaugh KC, Kellner JR, Forde AJ, Gruner DS, Parker JD, Rodriguez W, Feller IC (2014) Poleward expansion of mangroves is a threshold response to decreased frequency of extreme cold events. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111:723–727. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1315800111
Chang NN, Shiao JC, Gong GC (2012) Diversity of demersal fish in the East China Sea: implication of eutrophication and fishery. Cont Shelf Res 47:42–54
Chan SKF, Cheng IJ, Zhou T, Wang HJ, Gu HX, Song XJ (2007) A Comprehensive overview of the population and conservation status of sea turtles in China. Chelonian Conserv Bi 6:185–198. https://doi.org/10.2744/1071-8443(2007)6[185:ACOOTP]2.0.CO;2
Cheng IJ, Chen TH (1997) The incidental capture of five species of sea turtles by coastal setnet fisheries in the Eastern waters of Taiwan. Biol Conserv 82:235–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(97)00027-X
Cheng XH, Qi YQ (2007) Trends of sea level variations in the South China Sea from merged altimetry data. Glob Planet Chang 57:371–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2007.01.005
Chen B, Huang H, Yu WW, Zheng SL, Wang JK, Jiang JL (2009a) Marine biodiversity conservation based on integrated coastal zone management (ICZM)—a case study in Quanzhou Bay, Fujian, China. Ocean Coast Manag 52:612–619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2009.10.006
Chen BH, Zhou QL, Yang SY (2009c) Impacts of climate change on marine biodiversity. J Oceanogr Taiwan Strait 28:437–444
Chen TR, Yu KF, Shi Q, Li S, Price GJ, Wang R, Zhao MX, Chen TG, Zhao JX (2009b) Twenty-five years of change in scleractinian coral communities of Daya Bay (northern South China Sea) and its response to the 2008 AD extreme cold climate event. Chin Sci Bull 54:2107–2117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-009-0007-8
Chen JJ, Xu ZL, Chen XZ (2010) The spatial distribution pattern of fishing ground for small yellow croaker in Chinese seas. J Fisher China 34:236–244 (in Chinese)
Chen B, Yu WW, Liu WH, Liu ZH (2012) An assessment on restoration of typical marine ecosystems in China—achievements and lessons. Ocean Coast Manag 57:53–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2011.11.007
Chen TR, Li S, Yu KF, Zheng ZY, Wang LR, Chen TG (2013) Increasing temperature anomalies reduce coral growth in the Weizhou Island, northern South China Sea. Estuar Coast Shelf S 130:121–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2013.05.009
Chen YJ, Zhang J, Song PQ, Zhang R, Li Y, Zhong ZH, Lin LS (2014) Composition of the Taiwan strait fish fauna. Biodivers Sci 22:525–531 (in Chinese)
Chen SQ, Wang DR, Wu ZJ, Zhang GX, Li YC et al (2015) Discussion of the change trend of the seagrass beds in the east coast of Hainan Island in nearly a decade. Mar Environ Sci 34:48–53 (in Chinese)
Chen YL, Shan XJ, Jin XS, Johannessen A, Yang T, Dai FQ (2018) Changes in fish diversity and community structure in the central and southern Yellow Sea from 2003 to 2015. Chin J Oceanol Limnol 36:805–817
Chen YL, Shan XJ, Wang N, Jin XS, Guan LS, Gorfine H, Yang T, Dai FQ (2019) Assessment of fish vulnerability to climate change in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. Mar Freshw Res 71:729–736
Cheung WL, Lam VWY, Sarmiento JL, Kearney K, Watson R, Zeller D, Payly D (2010) Large-scale redistribution of maximum fisheries catch potential in the global ocean under climate change. Glob Change Biol 16:24–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01995.x
Cheung WL, Watson R, Pauly D (2013) Signature of ocean warming in global fisheries catch. Nature 497:365–368. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12156
Cheung WL, Frölicher TL (2020) Marine heatwaves exacerbate climate change impacts for fisheries in the northeast Pacific. Sci Rep 10:6678. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63650-z
Cichowska A, Kosakowska A (2014) Ocean acidification: environmental issue and its impact on marine life. In: Zielinski T, Pazdro K, Dragan-Górska A, Weydmann A (eds) Insights on environmental changes GeoPlanet: earth and planetary sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03683-0_9
Claydon JAB, Calosso MC, Traiger SB (2012) Progression of invasive lionfish in seagrass, mangrove and reef habitats. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 448:119–129. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09534
Colman JG (1997) A review of the biology and ecology of the whale shark. J Fish Biol 51:1219–1234. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb01138.x
Compagno LJV (1984) FAO species catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1-Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. Food Agricult Organ (FAO) FAO Fish Synop 125:209–211
Compagno LJV (2001) FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. No. 1, Vol. 2. Rome: FAO.
Connell SD (2001) Urban structures as marine habitats: an experimental comparison of the composition and abundance of subtidal epibiota among pilings, pontoons and rocky reefs. Mar Environ Res 52:115–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-1136(00)00266-X
Costello C, Ovando D, Clavelle T, Strauss CK, Hilborn R, Melnychuk MC et al (2016) Global fishery prospects under contrasting management regimes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 113:5125–5129. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1520420113
Dai AY, Feng ZQ, Song YZ (1977) Preliminary investigation of fishery biological characteristics of Portunus trituberculatus. Chin J Zool 7(2):30–33 (in Chinese)
Dastagiri MB, Vajrala AS (2018) Financing climate change on global agriculture-an overview. Int J Environ Sci Nat Resour 12:148–153. https://doi.org/10.19080/IJESNR.2018.12.555850
Ding FY, Cheng JH (2007) Dynamic distribution of Stomolophus meleagris in the East China Sea Region. J Fish Sci China 14:83–89 (in Chinese)
Ding YH, Dai XS (1994) Temperature variation in China during the last 100 years. Meteorol Mon 20:19–26 (in Chinese)
Ding S, Wang F, Sun H, Dong SL (2009b) Effects of salinity fluctuation frequency on the growth, molting rate and hemolymph 20-hydroxyecdysone concentration in Juvenile Chinese shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis. J Ocean Univ China 8:259–264
Ding Y, Sun Y, Wang Z, Zhu Y, Song Y (2009a) Interdecadal variation of the summer precipitation in China and its association with decreasing Asian summer monsoon. Part II: Possible causes. Int J Climatol 29:1926–1944. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1759
Doney SC, Ruckelshaus M, Duffy JE, Barry JP, Chan F et al (2012) Climate change impacts on marine ecosystems. Annu Rev Mar Sci 4:11–37. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-041911-111611
Dong ZJ, Liu DY, Keesing JK (2010) Jellyfish blooms in China: dominant species, causes and consequences. Mar Pollut Bull 60:954–963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.04.022
Dong YW, Huang XW, Wang W, Li Y, Wang J (2016) The marine ‘great wall’ of China: local- and broad-scale ecological impacts of coastal infrastructure on intertidal macrobenthic communities. Divers Distrib 22:731–744. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12443
Doubleday ZA, Prowse TA, Arkhipkin A, Pierce GJ, Semmens J, Steer M, Leporati SC, Lourenço S, Quetglas A, Sauer W, Gillanders BM (2016) Global proliferation of cephalopods. Curr Biol 26:R406–R407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.04.002
Douglass EM, Jayne SR, Bryan FO, Peacock S, Maltrud M (2012) Kuroshio pathways in a climatologically forced model. J Oceanogr 68:625–639. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-012-0123-y
Duke NC, Meynecke JO, Dittmann S, Ellison AM, Anger K et al (2007) A world without mangroves? Science 317:41–42. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.317.5834.41b
Durant JM, Molineo J, Ottersen G, Reygondeau G, Stige LC, Langangen Ø (2019) Contrasting efects of rising temperatures on trophic interactions in marine ecosystems. Sci Rep 9:15213. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51607-w
Du MM, Liu ZS, Wang CS, Zhang DS, Zhang J (2013) The seasonal variation and community structure of zooplankton in China sea. Acta Ecol Sin 33:5407–5418. https://doi.org/10.5846/stxb201206080828
Du JG, Ye GQ, Chen B, Zheng XQ (2014) Changes in the marine trophic index of Chinese marine area. Biodivers Sci 22:532–539. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13200 (in Chinese)
Evans AJ, Firth LB, Hawkins SJ, Hall AE, Ironside JE et al (2019) From ocean sprawl to blue-green infrastructure—A UK perspective on an issue of global significance. Environ Sci Policy 91:60–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2018.09.008
Fabry VJ, Seibel BA, Feely RA, Orr JC (2008) Impacts of ocean acidification on marine fauna and ecosystem processes. ICES J Mar Sci 65:414–432. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn048
Fang GH, Wang K, Guo FY, Wei ZX, Fan WJ, Zhang DS, Bi JS (2002) Long-term changes and interrelations of annual variations of the hydrographical and meteorological parameters of the Bohai Sea during recent 30 tears. Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica 33:515–525 (in Chinese)
FAO (2020) The state of world fisheries and aquaculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome
Feng SZ, Li FQ, Li SQ (1999) Introduction to marine science. Higher Education Press, Beijing
Fernandes JA, Rutterford L, Simpson SD, Butenschön M, Frölicher TL, Yool A, Cheung WWL, Grant A (2020) Can we project changes in fish abundance and distribution in response to climate change? Glob Change Biol 26:3891–3905. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15081
Frölicher TL, Laufkötter C (2018) Emerging risks from marine heat waves. Nat Commun 9:650. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03163-6
Fuchs HK, Chant RJ, Hunter EJ, Curchister EN, Gerbi GP, Chen EY (2020) Wrong-way migrations of benthic species driven by ocean warming and larval transport. Nat Clim Chang 10:1052–1056. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0894-x
Furuya K et al (2018) Overview of harmful algal blooms in Asia. In: Glibert P, Berdalet E, Burford M, Pitcher G, Zhou M (eds) Global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms. Ecological studies (analysis and synthesis), vol 232. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70069-4_14
Fu XM, Wang YN, Shao CL, Wang CY, Li GQ (2009) Investigation on the status of mangrove resources and medicinal research in China, II. Resources status, management and protection. Period Ocean Univ China 39:705–711 (in Chinese)
Fu SW, Wang H, Sun XZ (2014b) The combined effects of temperature and salinity on insemination rate and incubation rate of Pinctada martensii. Open J Fish Res 1:73–81
Fu HF, Tao YJ, Wang WQ (2014a) Some issues about the impacts of sea level rise on mangroves in China. Chin J Ecol 33:2842–2848 (in Chinese)
Gamage D, Thompson M, Sutherland M, Hirotsu N, Makino A, Seneweera S (2018) New insights into the cellular mechanisms of plant growth at elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Plant Cell Environ 41:1233–1246. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13206
Gao Q, Xu ZL (2011) Effect of regional warming on the abundance of Pseudeuphausia sinica Wang et Chen (Euphausiacea) off the Changjiang River (Yangtze River) Estuary. Acta Oceanol Sin 30:122–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-011-0169-5
Gazeau F, Parker LM, Comeau S, Gattuso JP, O’Connor WA et al (2013) Impacts of ocean acidification on marine shelled molluscs. Mar Biol 160:2207–2245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2219-3
Gillooly JF, Brown JH, West GB, Savage VM, Charnov EL (2001) Effects of size and temperature on metabolic rate. Science 293:2248–2251. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1061967
Gong Y, Suh YS (2012) Climate change and fluctuations of pelagic fish populations in the Far East region. J Ecol Field Biol 35:15–25. https://doi.org/10.5141/jefb.2012.003
Gong YY, Yang YT, Fan JT, Cai YC, Xu SN, Chen ZZ (2017) Spatial distribution of zooplankton in continental slope of northern South China Sea in summer. South China Fish Sci 13(5):8–15
Gristina M, Cardone F, Desiderato A, Mucciolo S, Lazic T, Corriero G (2017) Habitat use in juvenile and adult life stages of the sedentary fish Hippocampus guttulatus. Hydrobiologia 784:9–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-2818-3
Guannel G, Arkema K, Ruggiero P, Verutes G (2016) The power of three: coral reefs, seagrasses and mangroves protect coastal regions and increase their resilience. PLoS ONE 11:e0158094. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158094
Guo H, Ding DW, Lin FA, Guan CJ (2015a) Characteristics and patterns of red tide in China coastal waters during the last 20 a. Adv Marine Sci 33:547–558 (in Chinese)
Guo H, Ding DW, Lin FA, Guan CJ (2015b) Characteristics and patterns of red tide in China coastal waters during the last 20a. Adv Mar Sci 33:547–558
Hallegraeff G, Bolch C (2016) Unprecedented toxic algal blooms impact on Tasmanian seafood industry. Microbiol Aust 37:143–144. https://doi.org/10.1071/MA16049
Han QY, Huang XP, Shi P, Zhang QM (2006) Coastal wetland in South China: degradation trends, causes and protection countermeasures. Chin Sci Bull 51:121–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-006-9121-z
Harley CDG, Hughes AR, Hultgren KM, Miner BG, Sorte CJB, Thornber CS et al (2006) The impacts of climate change in coastal marine systems. Ecol Lett 9:228–241. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00871.x
Hemingson CR, Bellwood DR (2016) Biogeographic patterns in major marine realms: function not taxonomy unites fish assemblages in reef, seagrass and mangrove systems. Ecography 41:174–182. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.03010
He FX, Hong HS, Chen G (2003) Relationship between Enso events and the production of fish of middle and low tiers in western Taiwan Strait. Trans Oceanol Limnol 25:27–34 (in Chinese)
He BY, Fan HQ, Wang M, Lai TH, Wang WQ (2007) Species diversity in mangrove wetlands of China and its causation analyses. Acta Ecol Sin 27:4859–4870 (in Chinese)
He XJ, Zhang JT, Zhang TY, Zhong P, Wang WT (2012) Study on the sea level rising in the China coast and its adaptation strategy. Marine Forecasts 29(6):84–91 (in Chinese)
He Q, Bertness MD, Bruno JF, Li B, Chen GQ et al (2014) Economic development and coastal ecosystem change in China. Sci Rep 4:5995. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep05995
Hobday AJ, Pecl GT (2014) Identification of global marine hotspots: sentinels for change and vanguards for adaptation action. Rev Fish Biol and Fish 24:415–425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-013-9326-6
Hoegh-Guldberg O, Bruno JF (2010) The Impact of climate change on the world’s marine ecosystems. Science 328:1523–1528. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1189930
Hoegh-Guldberg O, Mumby P, Hooten AJ, Steneck RS, Greenfield P et al (2007) Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science 318:1737–1742. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1152509
Hong HS, He FX, Yang SY (1997) El-nino phenomenon and variation of catch of Scomber japomicus and Decapterus maruadsi in offshore waters of Zhejiang Province. Trans Oceanol Limnol 19:8–16 (in Chinese)
Hsieh CH, Chen CS, Chiu TS, Lee KT, Shieh FJ, Pan JY, Lee MA (2009) Time series analyses reveal transient relationships between abundance of larval anchovy and environmental variables in the coastal waters southwest of Taiwan. Fish Oceanogr 18:102–117. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2008.00498.x
Huang H (2020) China Coral Reef Status Report 2019. Coral Reef Branch of Pacific Society of China, Society of Entrepreneurs & Ecology (in Chinese)
Huang ZJ, Mao YN (1984) The species, habits and resource conservation of sea turtles. Chin J Ecol 3:37–40 (in Chinese)
Huang XP, Huang LM, Li YH, Xu ZZ, Fang JW et al (2006) Threats to seagrass and habitat along the south China coast. Chin Sci Bull 51:114–119 (in Chinese)
Huang DW, Hoeksema BW, Affendi YA, Ang PO, Chen CA et al (2016) Conservation of reef corals in the South China Sea based on species and evolutionary diversity. Biodivers Conserv 25:331–344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-016-1052-7
Hughes TP, Baird AH, Bellwood DR, Card M, Connolly SR et al (2003) Climate change, human impacts, and the resilience of coral reefs. Science 301:929–933. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1085046
Hughes TP, Hhuang H, Young MAL (2012) The Wicked problem of China’s disappearing coral reefs. Conserv Biol 27:261–269. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01957.x
Hughes TP, Barnes ML, Bellword DR, Cinner JE, Cumming GS et al (2017) Coral reefs in the authropocene. Nature 546:82–90. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22901
Hung SK, Jefferson TA (2004) Ranging patterns of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) in the Pearl River estuary, People’s Republic of China. Aquat Mamm 30:159–174. https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.30.1.2004.159
Hunsicker M, Essington TE, Watson R, Sumaila RU (2010) The contribution of cephalopods to global marine fisheries: can we have our squid and eat them too? Fish Fish 11:421–438. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2010.00369.x
Islam MS, Tanaka M (2004) Impacts of pollution on coastal and marine ecosystems including coastal and marine fisheries and approach for management: a review and synthesis. Mar Pollut Bull 48:624–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2003.12.004
Jefferson TA, Curry BE (2016) Humpback dolphins (Sousa spp.): current status and conservation, Part 2. Adv Mar Biol 73:2–326
Jiang XW, Lin MS (2010) Results about ocean satellite observation. Chin J Space Sci 30:474–485
Jiang TT, Pan JF, Pu XM, Wang B, Pam JJ (2015) Current status of coastal wetlands in China: Degradation, restoration, and future management. Estuar Coast Shelf S 164:265–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2015.07.046
Jiao NZ, Chen DK, Luo YM, Huang XP, Zhang R et al (2015) Climate change and anthropogenic impacts on marine ecosystems and countermeasures in China. Adv Clim Chang Res 6:118–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2015.09.010
Jia YY, Wang J, Balazs GH, Liu M (2019) Nest productivity for green turtles (Chelonia mydas) at Qilianyu of Xuande Islands, South China Sea, P.R. China: preliminary findings. Chelonian Conserv Biol 18:2019. https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1307.1
Jin XS, Shan XJ, Li XS, Wang J, Cui Y, Zuo T (2013) Long-term changes in the fishery ecosystem structure of Laizhou Bay, China. Sci China Earth Sci 56:366–374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-012-4528-7
Ju YM, Song N, Chen GB, Sun DR, Han ZQ, Gao TX (2017a) A new record of ponyfish Deveximentum megalolepis (Perciformes: Leiognathidae) in Beibu Gulf of China. J Ocean Univ China 16:468–472. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-017-3185-z
Ju YM, Song N, Chen GB, Sun DR, Han ZQ, Gao TX (2017b) A new record of ponyfish Deveximentum megalolepis (Perciformes: Leiognathidae) in Beibu Gulf of China. J Ocean Univ China 16:468–472
Kang B, Liu M, Huang XX, Li J, Yan YR et al (2018) Fisheries in Chinese seas: What can we learn from controversial official fisheries statistics? Rev Fish Biol and Fisheries 28:503–519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-018-9518-1
Kemp DW, Oakley CA, Thornhill DJ, Newcomb LA, Schmidt GW, Fitt WK (2011) Catastrophic mortality on inshore coral reefs of the Florida Keys due to severe low-temperature stress. Glob Change Biol 17:3468–3477
Krauss K, McKee WKL, Lovelock CE, Cahoon DR, Saintilan N, Reef R, Chen L (2014) How mangrove forests adjust to rising sea level. New Phytol 202:19–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12605
Kulbicki M, Beets J, Chabanet P, Cure K, Darling E et al (2012) Distributions of Indo-Pacific lionfishes Pterois spp. in their native ranges: implications for the Atlantic invasion. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 446:189–205. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09442
Liang S, Qian HL (1995) Research status and analysis of red tide in China. Marine Inf 11:14–16 (in Chinese)
Liang W, Li GZ, Fan HQ, Nong HQ, Wang X (2010) Study on the species diversity of coral reef on Weizhou Island, Guangxi. Mar Sci Bull 29:412–420 (in Chinese)
Liang C, Pauly D (2020) Masking and unmasking fishing down effects: the Bohai Sea (China) as a case study. Ocean Coast Manag 184:105033
Liao BW, Zhang QM (2014) Area, distribution and species composition of mangroves in China. Wetl Sci 12:435–440 (in Chinese)
Li CG, Dai HB (2015) Mechanism analysis of temporal dynamics in mangrove spatial distribution in Guangxi, China: 1960–2010. Acta Ecol Sin 35:5992–6006 (in Chinese)
Lin CL, Ning XR, Su JL, Lin Y, Xu B (2005) Environmental changes and the responses of the ecosystems of the Yellow Sea during 1976–2000. J Marine Syst 55:223–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2004.08.001
Lin LS, Chengg JH, Gao TX (2007) A new recorded species of Paratrachichthys from central East China Sea. Mar Fish Res 28(6):80–82
Lin LS, Liu ZL, Jiang YZ, Huang W, Gao TX (2011) Current status of small yellow croaker resources in the southern Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. Chin J Ocean Limnol 29:547–555. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-011-0182-8
Liu YF (2000) Study of the impact of climatic change on fishery production at coastal areas in China. Agricult Meteorol 21:1–6 (in Chinese)
Liu JY (2013) Status of marine biodiversity of the china seas. PLoS ONE 8:e50719. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050719
Liu M, De Mitcheson YS (2008) Profile of a fishery collapse: why mariculture failed to save the large yellow croaker. Fish Fish 9:219–242. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2008.00278.x
Liu JG, Diamond J (2005) China’s environment in a globalizing world. Nature 435:1179–1186. https://doi.org/10.1038/4351179a
Liu WH, Huang ZG (2000) Distribution and abundance of Chinese white dophines (Sousa chinensis) in Xiamen. Acta Oceanol Sin 22:95–101 (in Chinese)
Liu J, Ning P (2011) Species composition and faunal characteristics of fishes in the Yellow Sea. Biodivers Sci 19:764–769 (in Chinese)
Liu H, Su JL (2017) Vulnerability of China’s nearshore ecosystems under intensive mariculture development. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24:8957–8966. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5239-3
Liu C, Sui JY, Wang ZY (2008) Sediment load reduction in Chinese rivers. Int J Sediment Res 23:44–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-6279(08)60004-9
Liu DY, Keesing JK, He PM, Wang ZL, Shi YJ et al (2013a) The world’s largest macroalgal bloom in the Yellow Sea, China: formation and implications. Estuar Coast Shelf S 129:2–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2013.05.021
Liu S, Sun JS, Hurtado L (2013b) Genetic differentiation of Portunus trituberculatus, the world’s largest crab fishery, among its three main fishing areas. Fish Res 148:38–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2013.08.003
Liu JL, Xu XR, Yu S, Cheng HF, Peng JX, Hong YG, Feng XB (2014a) Mercury contamination in fish and human hair from Hainan Island, South China Sea: implication for human exposure. Environ Res 135:42–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.08.023
Liu Y, Saitoh SI, Igarashi H, Hirawake T (2014b) The regional impacts of climate change on coastal environments and the aquaculture of Japanese scallops in northeast Asia: case studies from Dalian, China, and Funka Bay, Japan. Int J Remote Sens 35:4422–4440
Liu ZZ, Cui BS, He Q (2016b) Shifting paradigms in coastal restoration: six decades’ lessons from China. Sci Total Environ 566–567:205–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.049
Liu Y, Wang M, Wang WQ, Fu HF, Lu CY (2016a) Chilling damage to mangrove mollusk species by the 2008 cold event in Southern China. Ecosphere 7:e01312. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1312
Liu L, Wang HJ, Yue Q (2020) China’s coastal wetlands: ecological challenges, restoration, and management suggestions. Reg Stud Mar Sci 37:101337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2020.101337
Li ZL, Shan XJ, Jin XS et al (2011c) Long-term variations in body length and age at maturity of the small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis Bleeker, 1877) in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, China. Fish Res 110:67–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2011.03.013
Li XJ, Dai JS, Wu CW (1986) Distribution of young Sepiella maindroni along the coastal sea in the northern part of Zhejiang Province. J Zhejiang Coll Fish 5:155–164 (in Chinese)
Li YQ, Li J, Wang QY (2006a) The effects of dissolved oxygen concentration and stocking density on growth and non-specific immunity factors in Chinese shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis. Aquaculture 256:608–616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.02.036
Li SJ, Huang JQ, Guo DH, Xu ZZ, Chen G (2006b) Study on ecology of marine plankton in Taiwan Strait, China. J of Xiamen Univ (nat Sci) 45(Suppl. 2):24–31
Li JJ, Guo BY, Wu CW (2011a) A Review of the Resource Evolvement and the Way of Restoration of Sepiella maindroni in Coastal Waters of Zhejiang Province. J Zhejiang Ocean Univ (nat Sci Ed) 30:381–385 (in Chinese)
Li S, Yu KF, Chen TR, Shi Q, Zhang HL (2011b) Analysis of coral thermal bleaching in Nansha Islands in 2007 by coral-symbiotic zooxanthellae density combined with satellite remote sensing. Sci Bull 56:756–764 (in Chinese)
Li X, Liu S, Huang H, Huang L, Jing Z, Zhang C (2012b) Coral bleaching caused by an abnormal water temperature rise at Luhuitou fringing reef, Sanya Bay, China. Aquat Ecosyst Health Manag 15:227–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/14634988.2012.687651
Li W, Wang Y, Norman B (2012a) A preliminary survey of whale shark Rhincodon typus catch and trade in China: an emerging crisis. J Fish Biol 80:1608–1618. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03250.x
Li X, Duan XF, Zhang ZJ, Wang H, Liu KX (2016) The vulnerability zoning research on the sea level rise of Chinese Coastal. J Catastrophol 31(4):103–109 (in Chinese)
Loo YY, Billa A, Singh A (2015) Effect of climate change on seasonal monsoon in Asia and its impact on the variability of monsoon rainfall in Southeast Asia. Geosci Front 6:817–823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2014.02.009
Lu HJ, Lee HL (2014) Changes in the fish species composition in the coastal zones of the Kuroshio Current and China Coastal Current during periods of climate change: observations from the set-net fishery (1993–2011). Fish Res 155:103–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2014.02.032
Luo BZ, Lu JW, Lan YL, Huang SF, Zhu DL, Kong XY (1993) Population dynamics and life history patterns for main marine fishes in the coastal waters of China. Stud Mar Sin 34:123–137 (in Chinese)
Lu DD, Qi YZ, Gu HF, Dai XF, Wang HX et al (2014) Causative species of harmful algal blooms in Chinese coastal waters. Algol Stud 145–146:145–168. https://doi.org/10.1127/1864-1318/2014/0161
Magozzi S, Calosi P (2015) Integrating metabolic performance, thermal tolerance, and plasticity enables for more accurate predictions on species vulnerability to acute and chronic effects of global warming. Glob Change Biol 21:181–194. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12695
Matthew A, Whalen J, Duffy JE, Grace JB (2013) Temporal shifts in top-down vs. bottom-up control of epiphytic algae in a seagrass ecosystem. Ecology 94:510–520. https://doi.org/10.1890/12-0156.1
Maureaud A, Gascuel D, Colléter M, Palomares MLD, Du Pontavice H, Pauly D et al (2017) Global change in the trophic functioning of marine food webs. PLoS ONE 12(8):e0182826. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182826
Mazaris AD, Matsinos G, Pantis JD (2009) Evaluating the impacts of coastal squeeze on sea turtle nesting. Ocean Coast Manag 52:139–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2008.10.005
McCombie AM (1953) Factors influencing the growth of phytoplankton. J Fish Res Board Can 10:253–282. https://doi.org/10.1139/f53-019
McGilvray F, Geermans S (1997) The status of the green turtle in Hong Kong and an action plan for its survival. The Hong Kong Marine Conservation Society, Hong Kong
Mcpeek MA (1998) The consequence of changing the top predator in a food web: a comparative experimental approach. Ecol Monogr 68:1–23. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(1998)068[0001:TCOCTT]2.0.CO;2
Mei ZG, Huang SL, Hao YJ, Turvey S (2012) Accelerating population decline of Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis). Biol Conserv 153:192–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.04.029
Ministry of Agriculture (2017) Chinese white dolphin conservation action plan (2017–2026). http://www.moa.gov.cn/nybgb/2017/201711/201802/t20180201_6136234.htm
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (2018) Sea turtle conservation action plan (2019–2033). http://www.moa.gov.cn/gk/tzgg_1/tz/201901/t20190109_6166381.htm
Mostofa KMG, Liu CQ, Zhai WD, Minella M, Vione D et al (2015) Reviews and Syntheses: Ocean acidification and its potential impacts on marine ecosystems. Biogeosci Discuss 12:10939–10983. https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-10939-2015
Mutshinda CM, Finkel ZV, Irwin AJ (2013) Which environmental factors control phytoplankton populations? A Bayesian variable selection approach. Ecol Model 269:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.07.025
Nelms SE, Duncan EM, Broderick AC, Galloway TS, Godfrey MH et al (2016) Plastic and marine turtles: a review and call for research. ICES J Mar Sci 73:165–181. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv165
Ng CKY, Dutton PH, Chan SKF, Cheung KS, Qiu JW, Sun YN (2014) Characterization and Conservation Concerns of Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) Nesting in Hong Kong, China. Pac Sci 68:231–243. https://doi.org/10.2984/68.2.5
Ning X, Lin C, Hao Q, Liu C, Le F, Shi J (2009) Long term changes in the ecosystem in the northern South China Sea during 1976–2004. Biogeosciences 6:2227–2243. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-2227-2009
Niu MX, Li XS, Zhao GX (2012) Spatial distribution of wintering Engraulis japonicus and its relationship with the inter-annual variations of water temperature in central and southern Yellow Sea. Chin J Appl Ecol 23:552–558 (in Chinese)
Ni G, Kern E, Dong YW, Li Q, Park JK (2017) More than meets the eye: the barrier effect of the Yangtze River outflow. Mol Ecol 26:4591–4602. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.14235
Northrup CJ, Royden LH, Burchfiel BC (1995) Motion of the pacific plate relative to Eurasia and its potential relation to cenozoic extension along the Eastern Margin of Eurasia. Geology 23:719–722. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023%3c0719:MOTPPR%3e2.3.CO;2
Oey LY, Chang MC, Chang YL, Lin YC, Xu FH (2013) Decadal warming of coastal China Seas and coupling with winter monsoon and currents. Geophys Res Lett 40:3288–3292. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058202
Oliver ECJ, Donat MG, Burrows MT, Moore PJ, Smale DA, Alexander LV et al (2018) Longer and more frequent marine heatwaves over the past century. Nat Commun 9:1324. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03732-9
Orth RJ, Carruthers TJB, Dennison WC, Duarte CM, Fourqurean JW et al (2006) A global crisis for seagrass ecosystems. Bioscience 56:987–996. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[987:AGCFSE]2.0.CO;2
Pandolfi JM, Connolly SR, Marshell DJ, Cohen AL (2011) Projecting coral reef futures under global warming and ocean acidification. Science 333:418–422. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1204794
Pang Y, Tian Y, Fu C, Wang B, Li J, Ren Y, Wan R (2018) Variability of coastal cephalopods in overexploited China Seas under climate change with implications on fisheries management. Fish Res 208:22–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2018.07.004
Pan K, Wang WX (2012) Trace metal contamination in estuaries and coastal environments in China. Sci Total Environ 421–422:3–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.03.013
Parker LM, Ross PM, O’Connor WA, Pörtner HO, Scanes E, Wright JM (2013) Predicting the Response Of Molluscs to the impact of ocean acidification. Biology 2:651–692. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology2020651
Parmesan C (2006) Ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change. Annu Rev Ecol Evol S 37:637–669. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110100
Peck MA, Reglero P, Takahashi M, Catalán IA (2013) Life cycle ecophysiology of small pelagic fish and climate-driven changes in populations. Prog Oceanogr 116:220–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2013.05.012
Pecl GT, Jackson GD (2008) The potential impacts of climate change on inshore squid: biology, ecology and fisheries. Rev Fish Biol Fish 18:373–385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-007-9077-3
Pecl GT, Steer MA, Hodgson KE (2004) The role of hatchling size in generating the intrinsic size-at-age variability of cephalopods: extending the Forsythe hypothesis. Mar Freshw Res 55:387–394. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF03153
Pecl GT, Araújo MB, Bell JD, Blanchard J, Bonebrake TC et al (2017) Biodiversity redistribution under climate change: Impacts on ecosystems and human well-being. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aai9214
Perry AL, Low PJ, Ellis JR, Reynolds JD (2005) Climate change and distribution shifts in marine fishes. Science 308:1912–1915. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1111322
Plagányi É (2019) Climate change impacts on fisheries. Science 363:930–931. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw5824
Pörtner HO, Farrell AP (2008) Physiology and climate change. Science 322:690–692. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1163156
Pörtner HO, Peck MA (2010) Climate change effects on fishes and fisheries: towards a cause-and-effect understanding. J Fish Biol 77:1745–1779. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02783.x
Primavera JH (2006) Overcoming the impacts of aquaculture on the coastal zone. Ocean Coast Manag 49(9–10):531–545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2006.06.018
Qian WH, Qin A (2008) Precipitation division and climate shift in China from 1960 to 2000. Theor Appl Climatol 93:1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-007-0330-4
Qiu C, Zhu JR (2013) Assessing the influence of sea level rise on salt transport processes and estuarine circulation in the Changjiang River Estuary. J Coastal Res 31:661–670. https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-13-00138.1
Qi L, Hu C, Wang M, Shang S, Wilson C (2017) Floating algae blooms in the East China Sea. Geophys Res Lett 44:501–509. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL075525
Ralph PJ, Tomasko D, Moore K, Seddon S, Macinnis-Ng CM (2007) Human impacts on seagrasses: eutrophication, sedimentation, and contamination. In: Seagrasses: biology, ecology and conservation. pp 567–593, Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2983-7_24
Ren ZM, Zhan PP, Mu CK, Li RH, Song WW, Yang CL, Wang CL (2017) Ocean acidification affects carapace of crab Portunus trituberculatus: an experiment. Oceanol Et Limuol Sin 48:198–205
Ross MS, Ruiz PL, Sah JP, Hanan EJ (2009) Chilling damage in a changing climate in coastal landscapes of the subtropical zone: a case study from south Florida. Global Change Biol 15:1817–1832. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01900.x
Sahrhage D, Lundbeck J (2012) A history of Fishing. Springer, Berlin
Saintilan N, Wilson NC, Rogers K, Rajkaran A, Krauss KW (2014) Mangrove expansion and salt marsh decline at mangrove poleward limits. Glob Change Biol 20:147–157. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12341
Schewe J, Levermann A (2012) A statistically predictive model for future monsoon failure in India. Environ Res Lett 7:044023. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/044023
Schippers P, Lürling M, Scheffer M (2004) Increase of atmospheric CO2 promotes phytoplankton productivity. Ecol Lett 7:446–451. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00597.x
Scott M, Heupel M, Andrew T, Pratchett M (2017) A large predatory reef fish species moderates feeding and activity patterns in response to seasonal and latitudinal temperature variation. Sci Rep 7:12966. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13277-4
Shan XJ, Jin XS (2016) Population dynamics of fish species in a marine ecosystem: a case study in the Bohai Sea, China. Mar Coast Fish 8:100–117
Shan XJ, Li XS, Yang T, Sharifuzzaman SM, Zheng GZ, Jin XS, Dai FQ (2017) Biological responses of small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) to multiple stressors: a case study in the Yellow Sea, China. Acta Oceanol Sin 36:39–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-017-1091-2
Shen GM, Heino M (2014) An overview of marine fisheries management in China. Mar Policy 44:265–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2013.09.012
Shentu JK, Xu YJ, Ding ZN (2015) Effects of salinity on survival, feeding behavior and growth of the juvenile swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus (Miers, 1876). Chin J Ocean Limnol 33:679–684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-015-4218-3
Shi YF (1996) The trend of natural disasters in China under the influence of global warming. J Nat Disasters 5(2):102–116 (in Chinese)
Shi YJ, Fan HQ, Cui XJ, Pan LH, Li S, Song XK (2010) Overview on seagrass and related research in China. Chin J Ocean Limnol 28:329–339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-010-9183-2
Shi YQ, Sun S, Li CL, Zhang GT (2016) Interannual changes in the abundance of zooplankton functional groups in the southern Yellow Sea in early summer. Oceanol Et Limuol Sin 47:1–8
Smetacek V, Zingone A (2013) Green and golden seaweed tides on the rise. Nature 504:84–88. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12860
Song HT, Yu CG (2012) Fishery biology of economic crab and shrimp in the East China Sea. Marine Press, Beijing
Song HT, Yu CG, Yao GZ, Xue LJ (2005) Biomass variation and distribution of Penaeus japonicus in the East China Sea. Donghai Mar Sci 23:48–53 (in Chinese)
Song NQ, Wang N, Lu Y, Zhang JR (2016) Temporal and spatial characteristics of harmful algal blooms in the Bohai Sea during 1952–2014. Cont Shelf Res 122:77–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2016.04.006
Son YB, Choi BJ, Kim YH, Park YG (2015) Tracing floating green algae blooms in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea using GOCI satellite data and Lagrangian transport simulations. Remote Sens Environ 156:21–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.09.024
Soon WWH, Connolly R, Connolly M, O’Neill P, Zheng JY, Ge QS, Hao ZX, Yan H (2018) Comparing the current and early 20th century warm periods in China. Earth-Sci Rev 185:80–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.05.013
Spalding MD, Fox HE, Allen GR, Davidson N, Ferdana ZA et al (2007) Marine ecoregions of the world: a bioregionalization of coastal and shelf area. Bioscience 57:573–583. https://doi.org/10.1641/B570707
Sunday JM, Pecl GT, Frusher S, Hobda AJ, Hill N, Holbrook NJ, Edgar GJ, Stuart-Smith R et al (2015) Species traits and climate velocity explain geographic range shifts in an ocean-warming hotspot. Ecol Lett 18:944–953. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12474
Sun S, Wang F, Li CL, Qin S, Zhou MJ et al (2008) Emerging challenges: Massive green algae blooms in the Yellow Sea. Nat Prec. https://doi.org/10.1038/npre.2008.2266.1
Sun ZG, Sun WG, Tong C, Zeng CS, Yu X, Mou XJ (2015) China’s coastal wetlands: conservation history, implementation efforts, existing issues and strategies for future improvement. Environ Int 79:25–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.02.017
Sun J, Wang YB, Wang XG (2018) Effects of three major marine disasters on recruitment of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus in sea area of Zhejiang Province. Fish Sci 37:728–734 (in Chinese)
Sun P, Chen Q, Fu C, Zhu W, Li J, Zhang C, Yu H, Sun R, Xu Y, Tian Y (2020) Daily growth of young-of-the-year largehead hairtail (Trichiurus japonicus) in relation to environmental variables in the East China Sea. J Marine Syst 201:103243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2019.103243
Talmage SC, Gobler CJ (2010) Effects of past, present, and future ocean carbon dioxide concentrations on the growth and survival of larval shellfish. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:17246–17251. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0913804107
Tang QS (2006) Marine living resources and their habitat in China’s Exclusive Economic Zone. Science Press, Beijing
Tang QS (2009) Changing states of the Yellow Sea large marine ecosystem: anthropogenic forcing and climate impacts. In: Sherman KMC, Aquarone SA (eds) Sustaining the World’s large marine ecosystems. Elsevier, Gland, pp 77–88
Tang YM, Wu CW (1986) Biological characteristics of Sepiella maindroni de Rochebrune and changes of the clam-fishing grounds. J Zhejiang Coll Fish 5:165–170 (in Chinese)
Tang QS, Chen CA, Yu KF, Dai MH, Zhao MX, Ke CH, Wong GTF, Chai F, Wei GJ, Zhou LP, Chen LQ, Song IK, Barry J, Wu YP, Gao KS (2013) The effects of ocean acidification on marine organisms and ecosystem. Chin Sci Bull 58:1307–1314
Teh LSL, Cashion T, Alava Saltos JJ, Cheung WWL, Sumaila UR (2019) Status, trends, and the future of fisheries in the East and South China Seas. Fish Centre Res Rep 27:101. https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0379884
Tseng YH, Shen ML, Jan S, Dietrich DE, Chiang CP (2012) Validation of the Kuroshio current system in the dual-domain Pacific Ocean model framework. Prog Oceanogr 105:102–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2012.04.003
Tzeng CH, Chiu TY, Chen CS, Wang HY, Chiu TS (2016) The Current Population Structure of the Demersal Hairtail (Trichiurus japonicus) in the Western North Pacific was shaped by the Taiwan Strait, as Revealed by Mitochondrial DNA. Taiwania 61:279–287. https://doi.org/10.6165/tai.2016.61.279
Vallina SM, Follows MJ, Dutkiewicz S, Montoya JM, Cermeno P, Loreau M (2014) Global relationship between phytoplankton diversity and productivity in the ocean. Nat Commun 5:4299. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5299
Wahl M, Molis M, Hobday AJ et al (2015) The responses of brown macroalgae to environmental change from local to global scales: direct versus ecologically mediated effects. Perspect Phycol 2:11–29. https://doi.org/10.1127/pip/2015/0019
Wajsbrot N, Krom MD, Samocha TM, Gasith A (1990) Effect of dissolved oxygen and the molt stage on the acute toxicity of ammonia to juvenile Green Tiger Prawn Penaeus semisulcatus. Environ Toxicol Chem 9:497–504. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620090413
Wallace BP, Lewison RL, McDonald SL, McDonald RK, Kot CY et al (2010) Global patterns of marine turtle bycatch. Conserv Lett 3:131–142. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2010.00105.x
Wang YM (1993) Achievement and perspective of the researches on South China Sea turtle resources and protection in China. Chin J Ecol 12:60–61 (in Chinese)
Wang Y (2013) China’s marine geography. Science Press, Beijing
Wang YM, Li W (2008) Sea turtle survey, monitoring and awareness promotion programme in Mainland China. Final Report. Project supported by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of Interior, Washington DC.
Wang S, Xie Y (2009) China species red list. Vol II Vertebrates—Part 1. High Education Press, Beijing
Wang B, Wu R, Fu X (2000) Pacific-East Asian teleconnection: how does ENSO affect East Asian climate? J Climate 13:1517–1536. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013%3c1517:PEATHD%3e2.0.CO;2
Wang R, Zuo T, Wang k, (2003) The Yellow Sea cold bottom water-an oversummering site for Calanus sinicus (Copepoda, Crustacea). J Plankton Res 25:169–183. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/25.2.169
Wang S, Tang D, He F, Fukuyo Y, Azanza RV (2008) Occurrences of harmful algal blooms (HABs) associated with ocean environments in the South China Sea. Hydrobiologia 596:79–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9059-4
Wang XY, Miao X, Wu FX, Yan CX, Liu WH, Zhu Q (2012a) Investigation on the distribution of Sousa chinensis in the coastal waters between Xiamen and the Pearl River Estuary. J Oceanogr Taiwan Strait 31:225–230 (in Chinese)
Wang YZ, Su DR, Lin ZJ, Wang XH, Jia XP (2012b) Analysis on responses of hairtail catches to fishing and climate factors in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, China. J Fish China 19:1043–1050 (in Chinese)
Wang Y, Chen XQ, Lin M, Xiang P, Wang CG, Wang YG, 2014. Species variation and annual change of zooplankton community in the northern South China Sea. In: The 14th annual proceedings of Fujian Marine Society.
Wang Z, Chen Y, Zhang S, Wang K, Zhao J, Xu Q (2015) A comparative study of fish assemblages near aquaculture, artificial and natural habitats. J Ocean Univ China 14:149–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-015-2455-x
Wang WH, Yu KF, Wang YH (2016) A review on the research of coral reefs in the Weizhou Island, Beibu Gulf. Tropical Geogr 36:72–79 (in Chinese)
Wang BD, Xin M, Wei QS, Xie LP (2018) A historical overview of coastal eutrophication in the China Seas. Mar Pollut Bull 136:394–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.09.044
Wang SW, Zhang GT, Zhou KL, Sun S (2020) Long-term population variability and reproductive strategy of a northward expanded ctenophore Pleurobrachia globosa Moser, 1903 in a temperate bay. China J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 533:151457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2020.151457
Waycott M, Duarte CM, Carruthers TJB, Orth RJ, Dennison WC et al (2009) Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:12377–12381. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0905620106
Wei CF, Tang DL, Wang SF (2008) Distribution of chlorophyll and harmful algal blooms (HABs): a review on space based studies in the coastal environments of Chinese marginal seas. Adv Space Res 41:12–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2007.01.037
Widdicombe S, Spicer JI (2008) Predicting the impact of ocean acidification on benthic biodiversity: what can animal physiology tell us? J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 366:187–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2008.07.024
Wu CR, Wang YL, Lin YF, Chao SY (2017) Intrusion of the Kuroshio into the South and East China Seas. Sci Rep 7:7895. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08206-4
Wu CW, Dong ZY, Chi CF, Ding F (2010) Reproductive and spawning habitats of Sepiella maindroni off Zhejiang, China. Oceanol Et Limnol Sin 41:39–46 (in Chinese)
Wu CW, Zhou C, Guo BY, Zhang JS (2012) Study on changes in reproductive biology characteristics of Sepiella maindroni (Rochebrune) offshore Zhejiang. Oceanol Et Limnol Sin 43:689–694
Wu PQ, Zhang J, Ma Y, Li XM (2013) Remote sensing monitoring and analysis of the changes of mangrove resources in China in the past 20 years. Adv Marine Sci 31:406–414 (in Chinese)
Xian WW, Kang B, Liu RY (2005) Jellyfish blooms in the Yangtze Estuary. Science 307:41. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.307.5706.41c
Xia J, Li M, Li FL, Liu J, Meng DJ (2003) Effects of sea level rise on seawater intrusion in coastal areas of Shandong Province. Yellow River 35(9):1–7 (in Chinese)
Xiong Y, Zhong XM, Tang JH, Yang J (2016) Migration and population structure characteristics of the small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis in the southern Yellow Sea. Acta Oceanol Sin 35:34–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-016-0844-7
Xu ZL (2007) Distribution patterns of pelagic euphausiids in the East China Sea. Acta Ecol Sin 27:3678–3786. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2032(07)60081-X
Xu ZL (2010) Variation of dominant zooplankton species in response to offshore global warming. In: 2012 Annual proceedings of society of water environment, Chinese Society for Oceanology and Limnology.
Xu ZL (2011) Reaction of Euphausia pacifica in the East China Sea to global warming. In: The 11th annual proceedings of society of crustacean, China Zoological Society
Xu JG (2019) Adaptability and analysis of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) to changes in temperature and salinity. Master thesis, Ocean University of China, Qingdao (in Chinese)
Xu ZL, Chen LJ (2009) Analysis on migratory routine of Larimichthy polyactis. J Fish China 16:931–940 (in Chinese)
Xu ZL, Chen JJ (2011) Analysis of migratory route of Larimichthys crocea in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea. J Fish China 35:429–437 (in Chinese)
Xu ZL, Chen JJ (2015) Migratory routes of Trichiurus lepturus in the East China Sea, Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. J Fish China 39:834–835 (in Chinese)
Xu KD, Liu ZF (2007) The current stock of large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea in the East China sea with respects of its stock decline. J Dalian Fish Univ 22:392–396 (in Chinese)
Xu HX, Liu ZF, Zhou YD (2003) Variation of Trichiurus haumela productivity and recruitment in the East China Sea. J Fish China 27:322–327 (in Chinese)
Xu ZL, Lin M, Zhang JB (2006) Changes in dominant species of Thaliacea in the East China Sea. Acta Zool Sin 52:53–62
Xu XR, Song JY, Zhang ZH, Li P, Yang G, Zhou KY (2015) The world’s second largest population of humpback dolphins in the waters of Zhanjiang deserves the highest conservation priority. Sci Rep 5:8147. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08147
Xu JY, Xu ZL, Gao Q (2016) Distribution of dominant zooplankton species along a latitudinal gradient in China sea during spring. J Ocean Univ China 15:502–508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-016-2871-6
Yang F, Lau KM (2004) Trend and variability of China precipitation in spring and summer: linkage to sea-surface temperatures. Int J Climatol 24:1625–1644. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1094
Yang G, Sill Y (1999) Major environmental changes and hazards and strategy of damage-mitigation in the coastal area of China. J Nat Disasters 8:13–20 (in Chinese)
Yang ZD, Wu BL (1981) A preliminary study on the distribution, productivity, structure and functioning of seagrass beds in China. Acta Ecol Sin 1:84–89 (in Chinese)
Yang GS, Shi YF, Zhang C (2002) The ecological response of typical mud flat to sea level change in Jiangsu coastal plain. Acta Geographica Sinica 57:325–332 (in Chinese)
Yang Q, Ma ZG, Fan XG, Yang ZL, Xu ZF, Wu PL (2017) Decadal modulation of precipitation patterns over eastern china by sea surface temperature anomalies. J Climate 30:7017–7033. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0793.1
Yang L, Liu J, Wang XL, Xu Y, Li X, He L (2018) Zooplankton community variation and its relationship with environmental variables in Bohai Bay. J Mar Sci 36:93–101
Yan LP, Li SF, Lin JZ, Zheng YJ (2007) Study on the resource alteration of commercial cuttlefish in the East China Sea. Mar Sci 31(4):27–32
Yao Y, Wang J, Yin J, Zou X (2020) Marine heatwaves in China’s marginal seas and adjacent offshore waters: past, present, and future. J Geophys Res Oceans 125:e2019JC015801. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015801
Yoshinari H, Ikeda M, Tanaka K, Masumoto Y (2004) Sensitivity of the interannual Kuroshio transport variation south of Japan to wind dataset in OGCM calculation. J Oceanogr 60:341–350. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOCE.0000038340.05301.37
Yu KF (2012) Coral reefs in the South China Sea: their response to and records on past environmental changes. Sci China Earth Sci 55:1217–1229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-012-4449-5
Yu KF, Liu DS, Shen CD, Zhao JX, Chen TG et al (2002) Environmental cataclytic events revealed by coral growth during the Holocene high temperature in Leizhou Peninsula. Sci China Earth Sci 32:149–156 (in Chinese)
Yu RC, Lü SH, Liang YB (2018) Harmful Algal Blooms in the Coastal Waters of China. In: Glibert P, Berdalet E, Burford M, Pitcher G, Zhou M (eds) Global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms. Ecological studies (analysis and synthesis), vol 232. Springer, Berlin
Zhai WD, Zheng N, Huo C et al (2014) Subsurface pH and carbonate saturation state of aragonite on the Chinese side of the North Yellow Sea: seasonal variations and controls. Biogeosciences 11:1103–1123. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1103-2014
Zhang, H. (2015) ‘China’s fishing industry: current status, government policies, and future prospects’. A paper for the China as a “Maritime Power” conference. Arlington VA: CNA Conference Facility (www.cna.org/cna_files/pdf/China-Fishing-Industry.pdf)
Zhang K (2016) Regime shifts and resilience in China’s coastal ecosystems. Ambio 45:89–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-015-0692-2
Zhang QY, Zhang YZ, Liu JF (1986) On the fish fauna of the northern Taiwan Strait and its adjacent seas. Oceanol Et Limnol Sin 17:144–151 (in Chinese)
Zhang LY, Ye WH, Cao HL, Feng HL (2004) Mikania micrantha H. B. K. in China-an Overview. Weed Res 44:42–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2003.00371.x
Zhang XM, Shang SP, Zhang CY, Lu ZB, Shang SL, Li XD (2005a) Potential influence of sea surface temperature on the interannual fluctuation of the catch and the distribution of chub macherel and round scad in the Minnan-Taiwan bank fishing ground, China. Marin Sci Bull 24:93–98 (in Chinese)
Zhang XZ, Qiu YF, Wu XY (2005b) The long term change for sea surface temperature in the last 100 years in the offshore sea of China. Clim Environ Res 10:799–807 (in Chinese)
Zhang XL, Shi SL, Pan GX, Li LQ, Zhang XH, Li ZP (2008) Changes in eco-chemical properties of a mangrove wetland under spartina invasion from Zhangjiangkou, Fujian, China. Adv Earth Sci 23:974–981 (in Chinese)
Zhang F, Sun S, Jin X, Li C (2012a) Associations of large jellyfish distributions with temperature and salinity in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. In: Purcell J, Mianzan H, Frost JR (eds) Jellyfish blooms IV. Developments in hydrobiology, vol 220. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5316-7_7
Zhang YH, Huang GM, Wang WQ, Chen LZ, Lin GH (2012b) Interactions between mangroves and exotic Spartina in an anthropogenically disturbed estuary in southern China. Ecology 93:588–597. https://doi.org/10.1890/11-1302.1
Zhang HL, Wang ZM, Zhu ZJ, He ZT, Zhou YD (2013a) Analysis on the community of characteristics of shrimps in the coastal spawning ground of south Zhejiang during spring. Acta Hydrobiol Sin 37:712–721 (in Chinese)
Zhang RJ, Tang JH, Li J, Zheng Q, Liu D et al (2013b) Antibiotics in the offshore waters of the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in China: occurrence, distribution and ecological risks. Environ Pollut 174:71–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.11.008
Zhang YZ, Jin HW, Zhou YD, Pan GL (2013c) Distribution Features of Zooplankton in the Zhejiang Middle and North Coast of Spawning Ground Sea Area. J Zhejiang Ocean Univ (nat Sci) 32:194–201 (in Chinese)
Zhang Q, Liu J, Zhang PD, Liu YS, Xu Q (2015) Effect of site and clay percentage in sediment on the survival and growth of eelgrass Zostera marina: transportation experiment in Swan Lake on the eastern coast of Shandong Peninsula, China. Aquat Bot 122:15–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2015.01.001
Zhang PD, Liu YS, Guo D, Li WT, Zhang Q (2016) Seasonal variation in growth, morphology, and reproduction of eelgrass zostera marina on the eastern coast of the Shandong Peninsula, China. J Coast Res 32:315–322
Zhang JH, Huo YZ, He PM (2017) Macroalgal blooms on the rise along the coast of China. Oceanogr Fish 4:555646. https://doi.org/10.19080/OFOAJ.2017.04.555646
Zhang PJ, Zhao Y, Li C, Li ML, Dong LJ et al (2020) An Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin genome reveals insights into chromosome evolution and the demography of a vulnerable species. iScience 23:101640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101640
Zhao SJ, Lv BQ, Li RW, Zhu AY, Wu CW (2015) A preliminary analysis of fishery resource exhaustion in the context of biodiversity decline. Sci China Earth Sci 59:223–235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-015-5193-4
Zhao P, Lu WH, Song J, Pearson S, Yang HS (2016) Natural coast protection and use in China: implications of resource protection “redline” policies. Coast Manag 44:21–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2016.1116668
Zhao HD, Kao SJ, Zhai WD, Zhang KP, Zheng N, Xu XM (2017) Effects of stratification, organic matter remineralization and bathymetry on summertime oxygen distribution in the Bohai Sea, China. Cont Shelf Res 134:15–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2016.12.004
Zheng FY, Qiu GL, Fan HQ, Zhang W (2013) Diversity, distribution and conservation of Chinese seagrass species. Biodivers Sci 21:517–526 (in Chinese)
Zhou YD, Li SF (2018) Gallery of “three grounds and one channel” and conservation area for main economic species in the East China Sea. Marine Press, Beijing
Zhou YD, Xu HX, Liu ZF, Xue LJ (2002) A study on variation of stock structure of hairtail Trichiurus haumela in the East China Sea. J Zhejiang Ocean Univ (nat Sci) 21:314–320 (in Chinese)
Zhou MJ, Shen ZL, Yu RC (2008) Response of a coastal phytoplankton community to increased nutrient input from the Changjiang (Yangtze) River. Cont Shelf Res 28:1483–1489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2007.02.009
Zhou X, Li M, Zheng ZY, Huang HH, Shi XJ (2010) An analysis on the trend of sea surface temperature indices for coral cold bleaching in Weizhou Island ocean observation station during 1960–2009. Tropical Geogr 30:582–586 (in Chinese)
Zhu DS, Iversen SA (1990) Anchovy and other fish resources in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. Mar Fish Res China 11:1–143 (in Chinese)
Zhu Q, Jiang B, Tang T (2000) Biodiversity and conservation of Cetaceans in China. Mar Sci 24(9):35–38 (in Chinese)
Zhu JC, Zhao XY, Li FG (2007) Growth characters of the anchovy stock in the Yellow Sea with its annual and seasonal variations. Mar Fish Res 28:64–72 (in Chinese)
Zuo JC, Xu SS, Shi SH, Chen MX, Xu Q (2011) Impact of East China Sea current on algal bloom in 2008. J Hohai Univ (nat Sci) 39:561–568
Zuo X, Su F, Shi W, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Qiu X (2015) The 2014 thermal stress event on offshore archipelagoes in the South China Sea. In: 2015 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS): 2269–2272. https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2015.7326259
Zuo XL, Su FZ, Wu WZ, Chen ZK, Shi W (2015b) Spatial and temporal variability of thermal stress to China’s coral reefs in south China Sea. Chin Geogr Sci 25:159–173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-015-0741-6
Acknowledgements
We thank William Cheung for contributing to the workshop outlining this paper. We thank Cecilia Villanueva (IMAS UTAS) and Blake Spady for reviewing an earlier draft. This work was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (U20A2087, 41976091). We also give thanks for support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (202012023).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kang, B., Pecl, G.T., Lin, L. et al. Climate change impacts on China’s marine ecosystems. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries 31, 599–629 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-021-09668-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-021-09668-6