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Diversity of the Astyanax scabripinnis species complex (Teleostei: Characidae) in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil: species limits and evolutionary inferences

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Abstract

The Astyanax scabripinnis species complex with its wide geographical distribution is an excellent model for evolutionary studies. Populations are usually geographically isolated but also, in some cases, occur in sympatry. In this study, five allopatric and/or sympatric populations of A. scabripinnis were analysed using geometric morphometry, cytogenetic markers, assays for induced breeding and phylogenetic inferences to draw conclusions on species limits and speciation processes in a natural setting. The morphometry of individuals indicated that the populations were well differentiated from each other. Cytogenetic evidence revealed a more conserved karyotypic macrostructure; however, molecular cytogenetic results obtained by in situ hybridization indicated 5S and 18S rDNA gene probe locations specific to each population. The reproduction tests for three locations suggest isolation between populations and the phylogenetic analyses suggest that the fish evaluated cluster in a monophyletic group. The combined data indicate that individuals are adapted to different environments in a complex evolutionary scenario, with linkage of populations during a recent geological period. However, due to reproductive isolation, the populations are evolving independently, reinforcing the existence of distinct cryptic species.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio). This study was financed by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and the Fundação Araucária (Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Estado do Paraná).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Evolutiva, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Avenida Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, Ponta Grossa, PR, 84030-900, Brazil

    Jonathan Pena Castro, Mateus Henrique Santos, Viviane Nogaroto, Marcelo Ricardo Vicari, Mara Cristina de Almeida & Roberto Ferreira Artoni

  2. Departamento de Zoologia, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 210, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil

    Mauricio Osvaldo Moura

  3. Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, Km 235, Monjolinho, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil

    Orlando Moreira-Filho

  4. Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR, 86051-970, Brazil

    Oscar Akio Shibatta

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  1. Jonathan Pena Castro
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Correspondence to Roberto Ferreira Artoni.

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Castro, J.P., Moura, M.O., Moreira-Filho, O. et al. Diversity of the Astyanax scabripinnis species complex (Teleostei: Characidae) in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil: species limits and evolutionary inferences. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries 25, 231–244 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-014-9377-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-014-9377-3

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