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Resource and Technology: A beacon for change in the reform of Jamaica’s secondary education system – or a “pipedream”?

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Abstract

Different strategies are being employed worldwide to prepare school-leavers for the world of work. Central to the Reform of Secondary Education (ROSE) in Jamaica in the 1990s was the achievement of goals of access, equity and quality through the implementation of a common curriculum in all schools. Within this reform, Resource and Technology (R&T) was an innovation designed to develop the creative potential in technology and to transform pedagogical practices from being teacher-centred to being student-centred. This paper examines how teachers and principals involved in the implementation of R&T perceive its attributes, such as need and relevance and observability. The findings reveal how the achievement of goals was frustrated and which challenges the users faced, including a lack of clarity of the means for implementing R&T.

Résumé

Ressources et technologies : flambeau du changement au sein de la réforme du système d’enseignement secondaire de la Jamaïque – ou projet utopique ? – Différentes stratégies sont actuellement appliquées à travers le monde pour préparer les jeunes sortant du système scolaire à l‘univers du travail. Au cœur de la réforme de l’enseignement secondaire (ROSE) entreprise en Jamaïque dans les années 1990 figurait l’atteinte d’objectifs relatifs à l’accès, à l’équité et à la qualité, à travers la mise en place d’un tronc commun à tous les établissements. Dans le cadre de cette réforme, le chapitre Ressources et Technologies (R+T) était une approche innovante destinée à développer le potentiel créatif des technologies, et à passer de pratiques pédagogiques axées sur l’enseignant à celles centrées sur l’apprenant. L’auteure de l‘article examine comment les enseignants et directeurs d’établissement impliqués dans la réalisation de R+T en perçoivent les caractéristiques telles que besoins, pertinence et observabilité. Les résultats montrent comment la poursuite des objectifs a été entravée ainsi que les défis auxquels ont fait face les utilisateurs, entre autres un manque de clarté sur les moyens de mettre en œuvre l’approche R+T.

Zusammenfassung

Resource and Technology: Signal der Veränderung bei der Reform des Sekundarschulsystems in Jamaika – oder nur ein „frommer Wunsch“? – Weltweit werden verschiedene Strategien eingesetzt, um Schulabgänger(innen) auf die Arbeitswelt vorzubereiten. Ein zentrales Anliegen der Reform des Sekundarschulsystems (ROSE) in Jamaika war in den 1990er-Jahren die Umsetzung eines gemeinsamen Lehrplans an allen Schulen, um bestimmte Zielvorgaben in puncto Zugang, Gleichheit und Qualität zu erreichen. Resource and Technology (R&T) war eine Innovation in dieser Reform, mit der das kreative Potenzial im technologischen Bereich entwickelt und die lehrerzentrierte pädagogische Praxis zu einer schülerzentrierten umgestaltet werden sollte. In diesem Aufsatz wird untersucht, wie die spezifischen Merkmale von R&T, beispielsweise Bedarf, Relevanz und Beobachtbarkeit, von Lehrkräften und deren Vorgesetzten, die an der Umsetzung von R&T beteiligt sind, wahrgenommen werden. Die Befunde zeigen, warum die Ziele verfehlt wurden und mit welchen Problemen sich die Beteiligten konfrontiert sahen; unter anderem blieb ungeklärt, welche Mittel für die Umsetzung von R&T überhaupt zur Verfügung standen.

Resumen

Recursos y tecnología: ¿señal de un cambio en la reforma del sistema educativo secundario de Jamaica, o solamente una quimera? – Se están empleando en todo el mundo diferentes estrategias destinadas a preparar a los graduados para la vida laboral. El motivo central de la Reforma de la Educación Secundaria (ROSE, por sus siglas en inglés), realizada en Jamaica durante los años 1990, consistía en alcanzar objetivos de acceso, justicia y calidad mediante la implementación de un currículo común en todas las escuelas. Dentro de esta reforma, Recursos y Tecnología (R&T) era una innovación concebida para desarrollar el potencial creativo en el ámbito de la tecnología y transformar prácticas pedagógicas, trasladándolas de un aprendizaje centrado en el profesor a un aprendizaje centrado en el estudiante. En este trabajo, la autora examina cómo los docentes y los directores involucrados en la implementación de R&T perciben sus propiedades, en cuanto a necesidad, relevancia y observabilidad. Los resultados obtenidos revelan cómo se ha frustrado la consecución de objetivos y qué retos tuvieron que encarar los usuarios, incluyendo la falta de claridad sobre los medios para poner en práctica R&T.

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Notes

  1. Jamaican children begin their education at the age of three plus in basic schools where they spend two years. At the age of six they enter government-run primary schools or private preparatory schools, both of which have six grades. At the age of eleven plus , they enter secondary school which has five or seven grades depending on the type of secondary school. These schools prepare for the tertiary level or for the world of work.

  2. A Likert scale is a scaling method which in this research measured positive and negative responses to statements on a five-point scale ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree.

  3. A Cronbach Alpha reliability test is a measure of internal consistency which shows how closely related a set of items is as a group.

  4. An analysis of variance is a technique used for analysing the effect of categorical factors (e.g. school type) on a response (e.g. teachers’ perceptions of the attributes of R&T) and it indicates which factor(s) have a significant effect on the response. A T-test is a measure which enables an assessment as to whether the means of two groups (e.g. two school types) are significantly different from each other.

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Acknowledgement

The research reported in this paper is part of a larger study undertaken by Monica Brown (now deceased), Zellynne Jennings and Joan Tucker on the Implementation of R&T.The research was funded by the ROSE Sub-project Implementation Unit in the Ministry of Education and Culture, Jamaica.

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Correspondence to Zellynne Jennings.

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Jennings, Z. Resource and Technology: A beacon for change in the reform of Jamaica’s secondary education system – or a “pipedream”?. Int Rev Educ 58, 247–269 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-012-9281-9

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