Abstract
A targeted educational voucher scheme (TEVS) is often proposed for the poor in developing countries. Essentially, TEVS involves issuing vouchers to poor households, thus enabling them to pay tuition and fees for their children’s schooling at participating non-public schools. However, little is known about TEVS’ design in developing countries. This article provides the foundation for constructing a TEVS and conducting subsequent scientific evaluations to support, modify or oppose such a system. Specifically, this article uses three policy instruments to design a TEVS: regulation, support services and finance. Regulation here refers to the rules that must be adhered to by participating households, children and schools. Support services refer to services facilitating the participation of children, households, schools, and financial and political supporters. Finance refers to the value of each voucher, total TEVS costs and sources of finance.
Résumé
Concevoir des programmes ciblés de chèques-éducation pour les foyers défavorisés des pays en développement – Un programme ciblé de chèques-éducation est fréquemment proposé aux populations défavorisées des pays en développement. Ce programme consiste globalement en la remise de chèques aux foyers défavorisés, qui leur permettent de régler les frais de scolarité pour leurs enfants inscrits dans des établissements privés participant au programme. Les pays en développement disposent cependant d’informations insuffisantes sur la conception de ce type de programme. L’article fournit les bases pour mettre sur pied un programme ciblé de chèques- éducation, et pour effectuer les évaluations scientifiques ultérieures permettant de promouvoir, modifier ou condamner un tel système. En particulier, l’auteur utilise trois instruments politiques pour élaborer un tel programme : réglementation, services de soutien et finances. La réglementation dans ce contexte signifie les règles qui doivent être respectées par les familles, les élèves et les établissements participants. Les services de soutien consistent en mesures qui facilitent la participation des élèves, des ménages et des écoles, ainsi que des parraineurs et des défenseurs politiques. Enfin, les finances portent sur la valeur de chaque chèque, le coût total du programme et les sources de financement.
Zusammenfassung
Die Projektierung zielgerichteter Bildungsgutschein-Programme für die Armen in Entwicklungsländern – Für die Armen in Entwicklungsländern wird häufig ein zielgruppengerechtes Bildungsgutschein-Programm (targeted educational voucher scheme = TEVS) vorgeschlagen. Im Wesentlichen besteht ein TEVS in der Ausgabe von Gutscheinen an arme Privathaushalte, die dadurch in die Lage versetzt werden, Schulgeld und Gebühren für die Ausbildung ihrer Kinder an nichtstaatlichen Schulen zu bezahlen, die sich an dem Programm beteiligen. über das Konzept von TEVS in Entwicklungsländern ist jedoch wenig bekannt. Dieser Artikel legt das Fundament für den Aufbau eines TEVS und die anschließende Durchführung wissenschaftlicher Evaluationsprozesse, um ein solches System zu unterstützen, es zu modifizieren oder sich ihm entgegenzustellen. Insbesondere geht es in diesem Artikel um drei politische Instrumente zur Konzeption eines TEVS: Regulierung, unterstützende Dienstleistungen und Finanzierung. Regulierung bezieht sich hier auf die Regeln, an die sich die teilnehmenden Privathaushalte, Kinder und Schulen halten müssen. Unterstützende Dienstleistungen sind Fördermaßnahmen, die die Beteiligung von Kindern, Privathaushalten, Schulen, Geldgebern und politischen Befürwortern erleichtern. Finanzierung bezieht sich auf den Wert der einzelnen Gutscheine, die Gesamtkosten des TEVS und die Geldquellen.
Resumen
Adjudicación de vales escolares para alumnos de bajos recursos en países en desarrollo – Con gran frecuencia se propone la implantación de vouchers escolares para hogares de bajos recursos en países en desarrollo. En esencia, este sistema implica la emisión de vales con los que estas familias puedan pagar clases y tasas escolares para la educación escolar de los niños en escuelas no públicas incorporadas en el sistema. Sin embargo, sobre el diseño de estos vales en los países en desarrollo se sabe bien poco. Con este artículo, el autor provee una base para construir un sistema de vales y encauzar la evaluación científica subsiguiente con el fin de apoyar, modificar u oponerse a tal sistema. En particular, el autor contempla en este artículo tres instrumentos políticos para diseñar un sistema de vouchers escolares: reglamentación, servicios de apoyo y finanzas. La reglamentación es el conjunto de normas que deberán observar los hogares, los niños y las escuelas participantes. Los servicios de apoyo se refieren a servicios que faciliten la participación de niños, hogares, escuelas y entidades de apoyo finacieras y políticas. Y las finanzas se refieren al valor de cada voucher, al costo total del sistema de vales y a las fuentes de financiación.
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Shafiq, M.N. Designing Targeted Educational Voucher Schemes for the Poor in Developing Countries. Int Rev Educ 56, 33–50 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-009-9147-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-009-9147-y