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Application of the response surface approach to the adsorption of methylene blue from water using acid-modified grape leaves

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Abstract

The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the efficiency of the biomass waste, which is represented by grape leaf waste, for the adsorption of methylene blue textile dye from an aqueous solution after chemical treatment with phosphoric acid. The synthesized activated carbon acid-GL has been characterized using FTIR, SEM, and BET to realize the possibility of the surface for the purpose of the study. The removal of methylene blue from the aqueous medium is studied parametrically using parameters like pH solution, amount of adsorbent, MB levels, volume solution, and temperature. However, the investigation of the parameters has been provided using response surface methodology to see which factors are significant and have a strong effect on the removal of dye. The adsorption profile has followed the Langmuir model with a correlation factor (R2 = 0.9766), which indicates that it fits the experimental data from the other isotherm, like Freundlich (R2 = 0.948). Methylene blue (MB) has a maximum adsorption capacity of 28.85 mg/g on acid-GL at 20 °C and pH 7. The model of pseudo-second order provides a satisfactory fitting rate equation (R2 = 0.998) compared to other kinetics models, according to the kinetics analysis of the MB adsorption. Overall, the results suggest using grape leaves as an inexpensive, environmentally friendly adsorbent to remove basic (cationic) textile dye (MB) from water. Utilizing experimental data, RSM was able to accurately forecast the removal percentage under ideal circumstances.

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Data availability

The dataset utilized/analyzed during the current study will be available from the corresponding author upon request.

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Acknowledgements

Many thanks to university of Babylon for the support.

Funding

No funding was obtained for this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences for Women, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq

    Fouad Fadhil Al-Qaim

  2. College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq

    Haider Falih Shamikh Al-Saedi

  3. College of Biotechnology, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim, Iraq

    Zainab Haider Mussa

  4. Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq

    Nisreen Jawad Kadhim

  5. Department of Anesthesia Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University, Hilla, 51001, Iraq

    Zahraa Haleem Al-Qaim

Authors
  1. Fouad Fadhil Al-Qaim
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  2. Haider Falih Shamikh Al-Saedi
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  3. Zainab Haider Mussa
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  4. Nisreen Jawad Kadhim
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  5. Zahraa Haleem Al-Qaim
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Correspondence to Fouad Fadhil Al-Qaim.

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Al-Qaim, F.F., Al-Saedi, H.F.S., Mussa, Z.H. et al. Application of the response surface approach to the adsorption of methylene blue from water using acid-modified grape leaves. Reac Kinet Mech Cat 137, 399–422 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-023-02542-5

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