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Decolorization of C.I. Reactive Red 2 by a large specific surface area In2TiO5: photodegradation and adsorption

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Abstract

The sol–gel method was used to synthesize nano-scale In2TiO5 with a large specific area. The X-ray diffraction patterns show that the crystalline phase of the prepared composite was In2TiO5 and rutile. According to TEM measurements, the In2TiO5 was spherical and the particle size was about 30–50 nm. The point of zero charge, specific surface area, pore volume, and pore diameter of In2TiO5 was pH 4.2, 588 m2/g, 0.62 cm3/g, and 5.2 nm. The titanium and indium cations in the prepared In2TiO5 were in oxidative state IV and III, respectively. The parent compound was C.I. Reactive Red 2 (RR2), which was used to evaluate the photodegradation and adsorption efficiency of In2TiO5. Under 0.2 g/L In2TiO5 addition, RR2 decolorization by photodegradation and adsorption at pH 3 was 79 and 70 %, and at pH 7 it was 50 and 27 %. The photodegradation rate of RR2 at pH 3 and 7 was 0.0076 and 0.0037 min−1. The maximum RR2 adsorption capacity of In2TiO5 at pH 3 and 7 was 70.5 and 27.3 mg/g, respectively. The RR2 removal rate by In2TiO5 under visible-light irradiation was higher than that of adsorption.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the National Science Council of the Republic of China, Taiwan, for financially supporting this research under Contract No. NSC 101-2221-E-151 -038 -MY3.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, 415 Chien Kung Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

    Chung-Hsin Wu, Chih-Hao Lai & Wei-Yang Chung

  2. Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Sec. 3, Douliou, Yunlin, Taiwan

    Chao-Yin Kuo

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  1. Chung-Hsin Wu
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Correspondence to Chung-Hsin Wu.

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Wu, CH., Kuo, CY., Lai, CH. et al. Decolorization of C.I. Reactive Red 2 by a large specific surface area In2TiO5: photodegradation and adsorption. Reac Kinet Mech Cat 111, 383–392 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-013-0625-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-013-0625-7

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