Abstract
Purpose
The Self-Efficacy to Manage Chronic Disease (SEMCD) scale is widely used, including in systemic sclerosis (SSc). The SEMCD has been validated in SSc, but the metric equivalence of the English and French versions has not been assessed (i.e., whether psychometric properties are equivalent across English and French).
Methods
Participants were adults from the Scleroderma Patient-Centered Intervention Network (SPIN) Cohort (N = 2159) who completed baseline measures in English (n = 1473) or French (n = 686) between May 2014 to July 2020. Analyses assessed internal consistency reliability via Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega, convergent validity via Pearson’s correlations, structural validity via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and differential item functioning via the Multiple-Indicator Multiple-Cause (MIMIC) model.
Results
Internal consistency reliability was high in English (α = .93, ω = .93) and French (α = .92, ω = .93). All correlations between the SEMCD and measures of health outcomes were moderate to large, statistically significant, and in the hypothesized direction in both languages. The CFA demonstrated that the one-factor model of self-efficacy, overall, fit reasonably well (CFI = .96, TLI = .93, SRMR = .03, RMSEA = .14). Standardized factor loadings were large (.76 to .88). Three items displayed statistically significant uniform DIF and all six displayed nonuniform DIF; all DIF was of minimal magnitude. Comparison of unadjusted and DIF-adjusted models indicated that DIF did not meaningfully impact total score (ICC = 0.999, r = 0.999).
Conclusion
Scores from English- and French-speaking adults with SSc can be combined for analysis or compared.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
De-identified individual participant data with a data dictionary and analysis codes that were used to generate the results reported in this article will be made available upon request to the corresponding author and after presentation of a methodologically sound proposal that is approved by the Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network Data Access and Publications Committee. Data will be available beginning 12 months after publication. Data requestors will need to sign a data transfer agreement.
References
Lorig, K., Sobel, D. S., Ritter, P. L., Laurent, D., & Hobbs, M. (2001). Effect of a self-management program on patients with chronic disease. Effective Clinical Practice, 4(6), 256–262.
Haas, B. K. (2000). Focus on health promotion: Self-efficacy in oncology nursing research and practice. Oncology Nursing Forum, 27(1), 89–97.
Martinez-Calderon, J., Meeus, M., Struyf, F., & Luque-Suarez, A. (2020). The role of self-efficacy in pain intensity, function, psychological factors, health behaviors, and quality of life in people with rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 36(1), 21–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2018.1482512
Ritter, P. L., & Lorig, K. (2014). The English and Spanish Self-Efficacy to Manage Chronic Disease Scale measures were validated using multiple studies. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 67(11), 1265–1273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.06.009
Riehm, K. E., et al. (2016). Validation of the self-efficacy for managing chronic disease scale: A scleroderma patient-centered Intervention Network cohort study. Arthritis Care and Research, 68(8), 1195–1200. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.22807
Hudson, M., et al. (2009). Health-related quality of life in systemic sclerosis: A systematic review. Arthritis Care and Research, 61(8), 1112–1120. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.24676
Allanore, Y., et al. (2015). Systemic sclerosis. Nature Review Disease Primers, 1(1), 15002. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2015.2
Nordlund, J., et al. (2021). The Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network Self-Management (SPIN-SELF) Program: Protocol for a two-arm parallel partially nested randomized controlled feasibility trial with progression to full-scale trial. Trials, 22(1), 856. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-021-05827-z
Dougherty, D. H., et al. (2018). The Scleroderma Patient-Centered Intervention Network Cohort: Baseline clinical features and comparison with other large scleroderma cohorts. Rheumatology, 57(9), 1623–1631. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/key139
van den Hoogen, F., et al. (2013). 2013 classification criteria for systemic sclerosis: An American college of rheumatology/European league against rheumatism collaborative initiative. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 65, 2737–2747. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204424
PROMIS Health Organization and PROMIS Cooperative Group, “PROMIS® Instrument Development and Validation: Scientific Standards Version 2.0 (revised May 2013),” 2013. https://www.healthmeasures.net/images/PROMIS/PROMISStandards_Vers2.0_Final.pdf
Hinchcliff, M., et al. (2011). Validity of two new patient reported outcome measures in systemic sclerosis: The PROMIS-29 profile and the FACIT-dyspnea. Arthritis Care and Research, 63(11), 1620–1628. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.20591
Kroenke, K., Strine, T. W., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., Berry, J. T., & Mokdad, A. H. (2009). The PHQ-8 as a measure of current depression in the general population. Journal of Affective Disorders, 114(1), 163–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2008.06.026
Milette, K., Hudson, M., Baron, M., Thombs, B. D., Canadian Scleroderma Research Group. (2010). Comparison of the PHQ-9 and CES-D depression scales in systemic sclerosis: Internal consistency reliability, convergent validity and clinical correlates. Rheumatology, 49(4), 789–796. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kep443
Poole, J. L., & Steen, V. D. (1991). The use of the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) to determine physical disability in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 4(1), 27–31. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1790040106
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 9(2), 233–255. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5
Woods, C. M., & Grimm, K. J. (2011). Testing for nonuniform differential item functioning with multiple indicator multiple cause models. Applied Psychological Measurement, 35(5), 339–361. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146621611405984
Wolf, E. J., Harrington, K. M., Clark, S. L., & Miller, M. W. (2013). Sample size requirements for structural equation models: An evaluation of power, bias, and solution propriety. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 76(6), 913–934. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164413495237
Acknowledgements
SPIN Investigators include Marie Hudson, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Laura K. Hummers, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Warren R. Nielson, St. Joseph’s Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada; Robyn K. Wojeck, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA; Claire E. Adams, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Shervin Assassi, University of Texas McGovern School of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Ghassan El-Baalbaki, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Kim Fligelstone, Scleroderma & Raynaud’s UK, London, UK; Tracy Frech, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Monique Hinchcliff, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Sindhu R. Johnson, Toronto Scleroderma Program, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto Western Hospital, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Maggie Larche, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Catarina Leite, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Christelle Nguyen, Université Paris Descartes, and Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Janet Pope, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; François Rannou, Université Paris Descartes, and Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Tatiana Sofia Rodriguez Reyna, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico; Anne A. Schouffoer, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Maria E. Suarez-Almazor, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Christian Agard, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire—Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes, Nantes, France; Marc André, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Gabriel-Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Elana J. Bernstein, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Sabine Berthier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France; Lyne Bissonnette, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Alessandra Bruns, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Carlotta Cacciatore, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital St-Louis, Paris, France; Patricia Carreira, Servicio de Reumatologia del Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Marion Casadevall, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France; Benjamin Chaigne, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France; Lorinda Chung, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; Benjamin Crichi, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital St-Louis, Paris, France; Christopher Denton, Royal Free London Hospital, London, UK; Robyn Domsic, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; James V. Dunne, St. Paul’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Bertrand Dunogue, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France; Regina Fare, Servicio de Reumatologia del Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Dominique Farge-Bancel, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital St-Louis, Paris, France; Paul R. Fortin, CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada; Jessica Gordon, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York City, New York, USA; Brigitte Granel-Rey, Aix Marseille Université, and Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France; Aurélien Guffroy, Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France; Genevieve Gyger, Jewish General Hospital and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Eric Hachulla, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille, France; Sabrina Hoa, Centre hospitalier de l’université de Montréal—CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alena Ikic, CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada; Niall Jones, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Suzanne Kafaja, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Nader Khalidi, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Kimberly Lakin, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York City, New York, USA; Marc Lambert, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille, France; David Launay, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille, France; Yvonne C. Lee, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Hélène Maillard, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille, France; Nancy Maltez, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Joanne Manning, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK; Isabelle Marie, CHU Rouen, Hôpital de Bois-Guillaume, Rouen, France; Maria Martin, Servicio de Reumatologia del Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Thierry Martin, Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France; Ariel Masetto, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; François Maurier, Uneos—Groupe hospitalier associatif, Metz, France; Arsene Mekinian, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital St-Antoine, Paris, France; Sheila Melchor Díaz, Servicio de Reumatologia del Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Mandana Nikpour, St Vincent’s Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Louis Olagne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Gabriel-Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Vincent Poindron, Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France; Susanna Proudman, Royal Adelaide Hospital and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Alexis Régent, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France; Sébastien Rivière, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital St-Antoine, Paris, France; David Robinson, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Esther Rodríguez Almazar, Servicio de Reumatologia del Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Sophie Roux, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Perrine Smets, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Gabriel-Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Vincent Sobanski, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille, France; Robert Spiera, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York City, New York, USA; Virginia Steen, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA; Evelyn Sutton, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Carter Thorne, Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada; John Varga, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (also SPIN COVID-19 Project Team); Pearce Wilcox, St. Paul’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Mara Cañedo Ayala, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Vanessa Cook, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Sophie Hu, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Bianca Matthews, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Elsa-Lynn Nassar, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Marieke Alexandra Neyer, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Julia Nordlund, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Sabrina Provencher, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Funding
The Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network (SPIN) has received funding for the SPIN Cohort from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Arthritis Society, the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research of the Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the Jewish General Hospital Foundation, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the Scleroderma Society of Ontario, Scleroderma Canada, Sclérodermie Québec, Scleroderma Manitoba, Scleroderma Atlantic, the Scleroderma Association of BC, Scleroderma SASK, Scleroderma Australia, Scleroderma New South Wales, Scleroderma Victoria, and Scleroderma Queensland. Ms. Choi was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant 1842470 and the Rheumatology Research Foundation Medical and Graduate Student Preceptorship. Dr. Thombs was supported by a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Consortia
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
The members of the SPIN Investigators are listed in acknowledgements section.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Choi, A.K., Rapoport, C.S., Kwakkenbos, L. et al. Measurement equivalence of the English and French versions of the self-efficacy to manage chronic disease scale: a Scleroderma Patient-Centered Intervention Network (SPIN) study. Qual Life Res 33, 843–851 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-023-03571-2
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-023-03571-2