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Glucosinolates and Isothiocyanates from Moringa oleifera: Chemical and Biological Approaches

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Abstract

Alternative therapies, such as phytotherapy, are considered to improve the health status of people with chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs). In this regard, Moringa oleifera is currently being studied for its nutritional value and its total phenolic content. Besides phenolic compounds, the phytochemical composition is also of great interest. This composition is characterized by the presence of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates. Isothiocyanates formed by the biotransformation of Moringa glucosinolates contain an additional sugar in their chemical structure, which provides stability to these bioactive compounds over other isothiocyanates found in other crops. Both glucosinolates and isothiocyanates have been described as beneficial for the prevention and improvement of some chronic diseases. The content of glucosinolates in Moringa tissues can be enhanced by certain harvesting methods which in turn alters their final yield after extraction. This review aims to highlight certain features of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates from M. oleifera, such as their chemical structure, functionality, and main extraction and harvesting methods. Some of their health-promoting effects will also be addressed.

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Abbreviations

ATR FT-IR:

Attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

ESI-MS:

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

GL:

Glucosinolates

GSH:

Glutathione

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

IL-1β:

Interleukin 1 beta

IL-16:

Interleukin 16

iNOS:

Nitric oxide synthase

ITC:

Isothiocyanates

Keap1:

Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1

LC/MS:

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

MO:

Moringa oleifera

CNCDs:

Non-communicable diseases

NF-kB:

Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells

NO:

Nitric oxide

NQO1:

NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1

Nrf2:

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2

PLS:

Partial least-squares algorithm

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RP-UHPLC-MS:

Reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography−electron spray ionization−tandem mass spectrometry

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor alfa

UPLC:

Ultra performance liquid chromatography

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Funding

Author Norma A. Lopez-Rodriguez was supported by scholarship from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT)-Mexico, number 926645.

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  1. Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la República, Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, Cerro de las Campanas, S/N, Santiago de Querétaro, 76010, Qro, Mexico

    Norma A. Lopez-Rodriguez, Marcela Gaytán-Martínez, María de la Luz Reyes-Vega & Guadalupe Loarca-Piña

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  1. Norma A. Lopez-Rodriguez
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All authors contributed to the performance of the review. Literature search and writing were done by Norma A. Lopez-Rodriguez; supervision and literature advice were performed by Marcela Gaytán-Martínez and María de la Luz Reyes-Vega; the critical and final revision was done by Guadalupe Loarca-Piña.

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Lopez-Rodriguez, N.A., Gaytán-Martínez, M., de la Luz Reyes-Vega, M. et al. Glucosinolates and Isothiocyanates from Moringa oleifera: Chemical and Biological Approaches. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 75, 447–457 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-020-00851-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-020-00851-x

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