Abstract
A new way to interpret Arrow’s impossibility theorem leads to valued insights that extend beyond voting and social choice to address other mysteries ranging from the social sciences to even the “dark matter” puzzle of astronomy.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
See my referenced papers for details. Much of this article is motivated by material in my book (Saari 2018).
Hazelrigg was the first to recognize the importance of Arrow’s theorem with respect to concerns from engineering. His first paper (Hazelrigg 1996) generated a continuing discussion in this area.
Because the US house size is fixed at 435, this becomes an argument for using his method.
That is, a state does not lose a seat with an increase in house size.
Recall, the Borda Count tallies a N-candidate ballot by assigning a top ranked candidate \((N-1)\) points, a second ranked candidate \((N-2)\), points, …, a jth ranked candidate \((N-j)\) points, ….
References
Arrow, K. (1951). Social choice and individual values. New York, NY: Wiley (2nd edn. 1963).
Arrow, K., & Debreu, G. (1954). Existence of an equilibrium for a competitive economy. Econometrica, 22(3), 265–290.
Balinski, M., & Young, P. (2001). Fair representation: Meeting the ideal of one man, one vote (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Brooking Institution Press.
Binney, J., & Tremaine, S. (2008). Galactic dynamics (2nd ed.). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Black, D. (1958). The theory of committees and elections. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Borda, J. C. (1781). Memoire sur les elections au Scrutin. Histoire de l’Academie Royale des Sciences, Paris.
Brown, J. (2009). Madoff report highlights SEC lapses in detecting fraud. PBS NewsHour.
Condorcet, M. (1785). Éssai sur l’application de l’analyse à la probabilité des décisions rendues à la pluralité des voix, Paris.
Greenberg, J. (1979). Consistent majority rule over compact sets of alternatives. Econometrica, 47, 627–636.
Hazelrigg, G. (1996). The implications of Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem on approaches to optimal engineering design. Journal of Mechanical Design, 118(2), 161–164.
Huntington, E. V. (1928). The apportionment of representatives in Congress. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 30, 85–110.
Kearns, D. (2010). Lessons learned from the “Underwear Bomber.” Network World.
McKenzie, L. W. (1954). On equilibrium in Graham’s model of world trade and other competitive systems. Econometrica, 22(2), 147–161.
Nakamura, K. (1975). The core of a simple game with ordinal preferences. International Journal of Game Theory, 4, 95–104.
Nakamura, K. (1978). The voters in a simple game with ordinal preferences. International Journal of Game Theory, 8, 55–61.
Nash, J. (1950). Equilibrium points in \(n\)-person games. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 36(1), 48–49.
Saari, D. G. (1978). Methods of apportionment and the House of Representatives. The American Mathematical Monthly, 85, 792–802.
Saari, D. G. (1995). Basic geometry of voting. New York, NY: Springer.
Saari, D. G. (2000). Mathematical structure of voting paradoxes 1; pairwise vote. Economic Theory, 15, 1–53.
Saari, D. G. (2001). Decisions and elections. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Saari, D. G. (2008). Disposing dictators: Demystifying voting paradoxes. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Saari, D. G. (2010). Aggregation and multilevel design for systems: Finding guidelines. Journal of Mechanical Design, 132, 081006-1–081006-9.
Saari, D. G. (2014a). A new way to analyze paired comparison rules. Mathematics of Operations Research, 39, 647–655.
Saari, D. G. (2014b). Unifying voting th eory from Nakamura’s to Greenberg’s Theorems. Mathematical Social Sciences, 69, 1–11.
Saari, D. G. (2015). Confronting the modeling problem: Combining parts into the whole, Lecture: IMBS workshop on “Validation; What is it?” http://www.tents/events/conferencevideos.php. Accessed 23 June 2015.
Saari, D. G. (2016a). From Arrow’s Theorem to “dark matter,” (Invited featured article). British Journal of Political Science, 46, 1–9.
Saari, D. G. (2016b). Dynamics and the dark matter mystery, Invited 12/01/2016 article, SIAM News.
Saari, D. G. (2018). Mathematics motivated by the social and behavioral sciences. Philadelphia, PA: SIAM.
Taylor, P. (2010). Preventing another underwear bomber. http://www.rollcall.com/news/44393-1.html. Accessed 24 March 2017.
US Securities and Exchange Commission. (2009). Office of Inspector General, Case number OIG-509, Investigation of Failure of the SEC to uncover Bernard Madoff’s Ponzi Scheme.
Ward, B. (1965). Majority voting and the alternative forms of public enterprise. In J. Margolis (Ed.), The public economy of urban communities (pp. 112–126). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Acknowledgements
My thanks to Santiago Guisasola, Dan Jessie, Ryan Kendall, Norm Schofield, Katri Sieberg, and June Zhao for their comments.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Saari, D.G. Arrow, and unexpected consequences of his theorem. Public Choice 179, 133–144 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-018-0531-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-018-0531-7