Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The Relationship Between Postpartum Depression and Lower Maternal Confidence in Mothers with a History of Depression During Pregnancy

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Psychiatric Quarterly Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the association of postpartum depression and low maternal confidence in a sample of women who had depression during pregnancy. Cross-sectional study performed from 2013 to 2015 with 346 postpartum women who had participated in an intervention to treat their depression during pregnancy. This study used the Maternal Confidence Questionnaire and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item scale. The prevalence ratio, adjusted and non-adjusted, and the 95% CI were calculated using Poisson regression with robust variance. Multivariate models estimated the Prevalence Ratios between postpartum depression and low maternal confidence adjusted for socio-demographic variables and maternal characteristics. Statistical analysis was performed with the STATA12. Among a sample of women who were depressed during pregnancy, only 19% had probably moderate to severe depression and nearly half, 48%, reported high maternal confidence in the postpartum period. In the fully adjusted model, women with moderate/severe probable depression showed increased risk of lower maternal confidence in comparison to women without probable depression Prevalence Ratio = 1.37 (95% CI 1.10–1.71). The results reinforce the importance of the evaluation of maternal confidence feelings in primary care particularly for women with more severe forms of depression.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Zahr LK. The confidence of Latina mothers in the care of their low birth weight infants. Res Nurs Health. 1993;16(5):335–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Leerkes EM, Burney RV. The development of parenting efficacy among new mothers and fathers. Infancy. 2007;12(1):45–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Nazaré B, Fonseca A, Canavarro MC. Avaliação da ligação parental ao bebé após o nascimento: Análise fatorial confirmatória da versão portuguesa do Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ). Laboratório de Psicologia. 2013;10(1):47–61.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Oswalt KL, Biasini FJ. Characteristics of HIV-infected mothers associated with increased risk of poor mother-infant interactions and infant outcomes. J Pediatr Health Care. 2012;26(2):83–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Bowlby J. A secure base: parent-child attachment and healthy human development. Basic books; 2008.

  6. Klaus MH, Kennell JH, Klaus PH. Vínculo: construindo as bases para um apego seguro e para a independência. Artmed; 2000.

  7. Stern DN, Veronese MAV. A constelação da maternidade: o panorama da psicoterapia pais/bebê. Artes Médicas; 1997.

  8. Kuo SC, Chen YS, Lin KC, Lee TY, Hsu CH. Evaluating the effects of an internet education programme on newborn care in Taiwan. J Clin Nurs. 2009;18(11):1592–601.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Nazaré B, Fonseca A, Canavarro MC. Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire: Estudo da versão portuguesa numa amostra comunitária. Paper presented at: VIII Congresso Iberoamericano de Avaliação Psicológica/XV Conferência Internacional de Avaliação Psicológica: Formas e Contextos2011.

  10. Nazaré B, Fonseca A, Canavarro MC. Avaliação da confiança parental: Versão portuguesa do Maternal Confidence Questionnaire. Paper presented at: VIII Congresso Iberoamericano de Avaliação Psicológica/XV Conferência Internacional de Avaliação Psicológica: Formas e Contextos2011.

  11. Figueiredo B, Costa R. Mother’s stress, mood and emotional involvement with the infant: 3 months before and 3 months after childbirth. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2009;12(3):143–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Murray L, Cooper PJ. Effects of postnatal depression on infant development. Arch Dis Child. 1997;77(2):99–101.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Klaus MH, Kennell JH. Maternal-infant bonding: the impact of early separation or loss on family development. 1976.

  14. Carlesso JPP, APRd S, Moraes AB. Maternal depression and clinical risk indicators in child development. Revista CEFAC. 2014;16(2):500–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Mazet P, Stoleru S. Manual de psicopatologia do recém-nascido. 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Hendrick V, Altshiler L, Cohen L, Stowe Z. Evaluation of mental health and depression during pregnancy: position paper. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1998;34(3):297–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. O'hara MW, Swain AM. Rates and risk of postpartum depression—a meta-analysis. Int Rev Psychiatry. 1996;8(1):37–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Madeghe BA, Kimani VN, Stoep A, Nicodimos S, Kumar M. Postpartum depression and infant feeding practices in a low income urban settlement in Nairobi-Kenya. BMC Res Notes. 2016;9(1):506.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Faisal-Cury A, Tedesco J, Kahhale S, Menezes P, Zugaib M. Postpartum depression: in relation to life events and patterns of coping. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2004;7(2):123–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Giri RK, Khatri RB, Mishra SR, Khanal V, Sharma VD, Gartoula RP. Prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms among post-partum mothers in Nepal. BMC Res Notes. 2015;8(1):111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Bifulco A, Kwon J, Jacobs C, Moran PM, Bunn A, Beer N. Adult attachment style as mediator between childhood neglect/abuse and adult depression and anxiety. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2006;41(10):796–805.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Zietlow A-L, Schlüter MK, Nonnenmacher N, Müller M, Reck C. Maternal self-confidence postpartum and at pre-school age: the role of depression, anxiety disorders, maternal attachment insecurity. Matern Child Health J. 2014;18(8):1873–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Eaton WW, Martins SS, Nestadt G, Bienvenu OJ, Clarke D, Alexandre P. The burden of mental disorders. Epidemiol Rev. 2008;30(1):1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Reck C, Noe D, Gerstenlauer J, Stehle E. Effects of postpartum anxiety disorders and depression on maternal self-confidence. Infant Behav Dev. 2012;35(2):264–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Janicke DM, Finney JW. Children’s primary health care services: social-cognitive factors related to utilization. J Pediatr Psychol. 2003;28(8):547–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Scazufca M, Faisal-Cury A, Mogadouro M, et al. Management of depression during pregnancy in primary care in Brazil: a cluster ransomised trial. Lancet. 2014;384:S21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Badr LK. Further psychometric testing and use of the maternal confidence questionnaire. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs. 2005;28(3):163–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Olafsen KS, Rønning JA, Bredrup Dahl L, Ulvund SE, Handegård BH, Kaaresen PI. Infant responsiveness and maternal confidence in the neonatal period. Scand J Psychol. 2007;48(6):499–509.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The phq-9. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16(9):606–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. de Lima OF, Vilela Mendes A, Crippa JA, Loureiro SR. Study of the discriminative validity of the PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 in a sample of Brazilian women in the context of primary health care. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2009;45(3):216–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Faisal-Cury A, Menezes PR. Antenatal depression strongly predicts postnatal depression in primary health care. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2012;34(4):446–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. EBdS C, Simões GL, Faisal-Cury A. Post-partum depression screening among women attended by the family health program. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2005;27(4):181–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Filha MMT, Ayers S, da Gama SGN, do Carmo Leal M. Factors associated with postpartum depressive symptomatology in Brazil: the birth in Brazil National Research Study, 2011/2012. J Affect Disord. 2016;194:159–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Teti DM, Gelfand DM. Behavioral competence among mothers of infants in the first year: the mediational role of maternal self-efficacy. Child Dev. 1991;62(5):918–29.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. DeFelipe RP. Caracterização das relações entre depressão pós-parto, modelos culturais de self, etnoteorias e práticas maternas em uma amostra paulistana atendida pelo sistema público de saúde, Universidade de São Paulo; 2014.

  36. Goto A, Nguyen QV, Van Nguyen TT, et al. Associations of psychosocial factors with maternal confidence among Japanese and Vietnamese mothers. J Child Fam Stud. 2010;19(1):118–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Goto A, Rudd RE, Bromet EJ, et al. Maternal confidence of Fukushima mothers before and after the nuclear power plant disaster in Northeast Japan: analyses of municipal health records. J Commun Healthc. 2014;7(2):106–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Faisal-Cury A, Huang H, Chan YF, Menezes PR. The relationship between depressive/anxiety symptoms during pregnancy/postpartum and sexual life decline after delivery. J Sex Med. 2013;10(5):1343–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Tran TD, Tran T, La B, Lee D, Rosenthal D, Fisher J. Screening for perinatal common mental disorders in women in the north of Vietnam: a comparison of three psychometric instruments. J Affect Disord. 2011;133(1):281–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Thank you to the IDEA Research Team for reviewing earlier versions of this manuscript. Thank you to the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP).

Funding

The study was funded by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP). Funding number 2013/03267–8.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Preventive Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Flavia O. Arante & Alexandre Faisal-Cury

  2. School of Social Work, University of Illinois, 1010 W. Nevada, Suite 2129, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    Karen M. Tabb & Yang Wang

Authors
  1. Flavia O. Arante
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Karen M. Tabb
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yang Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Alexandre Faisal-Cury
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

AFC obtained funding for the study, supervised all research procedures, conducted the analyses, and wrote the draft manuscript. FO assisted in the data collection, reviewed all analyses and wrote the draft manuscript. YW assisted in the data analysis and editing of the draft manuscript. KT assisted in the analysis, writing and editing of the draft manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Karen M. Tabb.

Ethics declarations

Ethics Approval

The study procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of São Paulo. Approval code CEP/FMUSP: 084/10, date: 11/30/2011.

Consent for Publication

All authors provide consent for publication.

Availability of Data and Material

Data for this study will be made available upon request.

Conflict of Interest

All authors declare they have nothing to disclose.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Arante, F.O., Tabb, K.M., Wang, Y. et al. The Relationship Between Postpartum Depression and Lower Maternal Confidence in Mothers with a History of Depression During Pregnancy. Psychiatr Q 91, 21–30 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-019-09673-w

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-019-09673-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation