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Diversity of responses to nitrogen deficiency in distinct wheat genotypes reveals the role of alternative electron flows in photoprotection

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Abstract

Nitrogen (N) deficiency represents an important limiting factor affecting photosynthetic productivity and the yields of crop plants. Significant reported differences in N use efficiency between the crop species and genotypes provide a good background for the studies of diversity of photosynthetic and photoprotective responses associated with nitrogen deficiency. Using distinct wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes with previously observed contrasting responses to nitrogen nutrition (cv. Enola and cv. Slomer), we performed advanced analyses of CO2 assimilation, PSII, and PSI photochemistry, also focusing on the heterogeneity of the stress responses in the different leaf levels. Our results confirmed the loss of photosynthetic capacity and enhanced more in lower positions. Non-stomatal limitation of photosynthesis was well reflected by the changes in PSII and PSI photochemistry, including the parameters derived from the fast-fluorescence kinetics. Low photosynthesis in N-deprived leaves, especially in lower positions, was associated with a significant decrease in the activity of alternative electron flows. The exception was the cyclic electron flow around PSI that was enhanced in most of the samples with a low photosynthetic rate. We observed significant genotype-specific responses. An old genotype Slomer with a lower CO2 assimilation rate demonstrated enhanced alternative electron flow and photorespiration capacity. In contrast, a modern, highly productive genotype Enola responded to decreased photosynthesis by a significant increase in nonphotochemical dissipation and cyclic electron flow. Our results illustrate the importance of alternative electron flows for eliminating the excitation pressure at the PSII acceptor side. The decrease in capacity of electron acceptors was balanced by the structural and functional changes of the components of the electron transport chain, leading to a decline of linear electron transport to prevent the overreduction of the PSI acceptor side and related photooxidative damage of photosynthetic structures in leaves exposed to nitrogen deficiency.

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic under the project VEGA 1-0683-20, and the Slovak Research and Development Agency project APVV-18-465 and APVV-SK-CN-21-0045.

Funding

Agentúra Ministerstva Školstva, Vedy, Výskumu a Športu SR, VEGA 1-0683-20, Marek Zivcak,Agentúra na Podporu Výskumu a Vývoja, APVV-18-465, Marian Brestic, APVV-SK-CN-21-0045, Marian Brestic.

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  1. Andrej Filacek and Marek Zivcak have an equal contribution to this work.

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  1. Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic

    Andrej Filacek, Marek Zivcak, Maria Barboricova & Marian Brestic

  2. Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Svetlana P. Misheva

  3. Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa, Florestal, Brazil

    Eduardo Gusmão Pereira

  4. College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China

    Xinghong Yang

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  1. Andrej Filacek
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  2. Marek Zivcak
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  3. Maria Barboricova
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  4. Svetlana P. Misheva
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  5. Eduardo Gusmão Pereira
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  7. Marian Brestic
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Correspondence to Marek Zivcak.

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Filacek, A., Zivcak, M., Barboricova, M. et al. Diversity of responses to nitrogen deficiency in distinct wheat genotypes reveals the role of alternative electron flows in photoprotection. Photosynth Res 154, 259–276 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-022-00966-z

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