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Photosynthetic electron transport and specific photoprotective responses in wheat leaves under drought stress

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Abstract

The photosynthetic responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves to different levels of drought stress were analyzed in potted plants cultivated in growth chamber under moderate light. Low-to-medium drought stress was induced by limiting irrigation, maintaining 20 % of soil water holding capacity for 14 days followed by 3 days without water supply to induce severe stress. Measurements of CO2 exchange and photosystem II (PSII) yield (by chlorophyll fluorescence) were followed by simultaneous measurements of yield of PSI (by P700 absorbance changes) and that of PSII. Drought stress gradually decreased PSII electron transport, but the capacity for nonphotochemical quenching increased more slowly until there was a large decrease in leaf relative water content (where the photosynthetic rate had decreased by half or more). We identified a substantial part of PSII electron transport, which was not used by carbon assimilation or by photorespiration, which clearly indicates activities of alternative electron sinks. Decreasing the fraction of light absorbed by PSII and increasing the fraction absorbed by PSI with increasing drought stress (rather than assuming equal absorption by the two photosystems) support a proposed function of PSI cyclic electron flow to generate a proton-motive force to activate nonphotochemical dissipation of energy, and it is consistent with the observed accumulation of oxidized P700 which causes a decrease in PSI electron acceptors. Our results support the roles of alternative electron sinks (either from PSII or PSI) and cyclic electron flow in photoprotection of PSII and PSI in drought stress conditions. In future studies on plant stress, analyses of the partitioning of absorbed energy between photosystems are needed for interpreting flux through linear electron flow, PSI cyclic electron flow, along with alternative electron sinks.

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Abbreviations

\( A_{{{\text{CO}}_{ 2} }} \) :

CO2 assimilation rate

Cyt b6/f :

Cytochrome b6/f

g m :

Mesophyll conductance

g s :

Stomatal conductance

LED:

Light emitting diode

LHC:

Light harvesting complex

NPQ:

Nonphotochemical quenching

P700:

Primary electron donor of PSI (reduced form)

P700+ :

Primary electron donor of PSI (oxidized form)

PAR:

Photosynthetic active radiation

PQ:

Plastoquinone

PSI:

Photosystem I

PSII:

Photosystem II

Q A :

Primary PSII acceptor

qE:

pH-dependent energy dissipation

RuBP:

Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate

RWC:

Relative water content

ΔpH:

Transthylakoid pH gradient

Ψ W :

Water potential

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr Richard J. Ladle (School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford University, UK, and Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Praça Afrânio Jorge, s/n, Prado, Maceió, AL, Brazil) for reviewing and improving the English of the manuscript. The research described here has been supported by grant APVV-0197-10 and APVV-0661-10. This study was also supported by grants from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and Molecular and Cell Biology Programs of the Russian Academy of Sciences to SIA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic

    Marek Zivcak, Marian Brestic, Zuzana Balatova, Petra Drevenakova & Katarina Olsovska

  2. Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw Agricultural University SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland

    Hazem M. Kalaji

  3. State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China

    Xinghong Yang

  4. Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia

    Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev

  5. Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia

    Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev

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  1. Marek Zivcak
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  2. Marian Brestic
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  8. Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marian Brestic.

Additional information

See Table 1 for other symbols representing chlorophyll fluorescence and P700 parameters apart from the abbreviations listed.

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Zivcak, M., Brestic, M., Balatova, Z. et al. Photosynthetic electron transport and specific photoprotective responses in wheat leaves under drought stress. Photosynth Res 117, 529–546 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-013-9885-3

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