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Interactions of photosystem II with bicarbonate, formate and acetate

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Abstract

In this study, we probe the effects of bicarbonate (hydrogencarbonate), BC, removal from photosystem II in spinach thylakoids by measuring flash-induced oxygen evolution patterns (FIOPs) with a Joliot-type electrode. For this we compared three commonly employed methods: (1) washing in BC-free medium, (2) formate addition, and (3) acetate addition. Washing of the samples with buffers depleted of BC and CO2 by bubbling with argon (Method 1) under our conditions leads to an increase in the double hit parameter of the first flash (β1), while the miss parameter and the overall activity remain unchanged. In contrast, addition of 40–50 mM formate or acetate results in a significant increase in the miss parameter and to an ∼50% (formate) and ∼10% (acetate) inhibition of the overall oxygen evolution activity, but not to an increased β1 parameter. All described effects could be reversed by washing with formate/acetate free buffer and/or addition of 2–10 mM bicarbonate. The redox potential of the water-oxidizing complex (WOC) in samples treated by Method 1 is compared to samples containing 2 mM bicarbonate in two ways: (1) The lifetimes of the S0, S2, and S3 states were measured, and no differences were found between the two sample types. (2) The S1, S0, S−1, and S−2 states were probed by incubation with small concentrations of NH2OH. These experiments displayed a subtle, yet highly reproducible difference in the apparent Si/S−i state distribution which is shown to arise from the interaction of BC with PSII in the already reduced states of the WOC. These data are discussed in detail by also taking into account the CO2 concentrations present in the buffers after argon bubbling and during the measurements. These values were measured by membrane-inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS).

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Abbreviations

α:

Miss parameter

β:

Double hit parameter

β1 :

Double hit parameter of the first flash

BC:

Bicarbonate = hydrogencarbonate

BC(−):

Bicarbonate depleted

BC(+):

Bicarbonate containing

FIOP:

Flash-induced oxygen evolution pattern

MES:

2-(N-morpholino) Ethanesulfonic acid

MIMS:

Membrane-inlet mass spectrometry

PSII:

Photosystem II

S i states:

Oxidation states of the WOC, where i is the number of stored oxidizing equivalents

WOC:

Water oxidizing complex

Y2 :

Oxygen yield induced by the second flash

YD :

Redox-active tyrosine 160 of the D2 polypeptide of PSII

YZ :

Redox-active tyrosine 161 of the D1 polypeptide of PSII

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Acknowledgments

The financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, Me 1629/2–3) and the Max-Planck Gesellschaft is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Katrin Beckmann for her help and advice during the MIMS measurements. DS was initially supported by a fellowship of the Deutsche Akademische Austauschdienst (DAAD). The authors are especially thankful to Govindjee for stimulating this research project by constantly reminding them not to forget about the bicarbonate (formate/acetate) effect on photosystem II.

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  1. Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany

    Dmitriy Shevela & Johannes Messinger

  2. Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Science, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia

    Vyacheslav Klimov

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  1. Dmitriy Shevela
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Shevela, D., Klimov, V. & Messinger, J. Interactions of photosystem II with bicarbonate, formate and acetate. Photosynth Res 94, 247–264 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-007-9200-2

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