Abstract
Aims
Green manuring exhibits strong positive effects on soil fertility and crop yield, while its effects on agro-ecosystem multifunctionality (agro-EMF) and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.
Methods
Based on a 7-year potato cropping field experiment, we conducted a holistic survey of soil and rhizosphere microbiomes, plant performance (i.e. yield and disease resistance) and soil functions, and assessed agro-EMF under conventional chemical potassium (K) fertilization and green manure (GM) amendment practices.
Results
We demonstrated that GM application significantly promoted agro-EMF compared to chemical K fertilizer, as indicated by improved crop yield (5.8%-20.6%), reduction in potato late blight incidence (2.8%-46.2%), and increased soil nutrient contents. GM amendment drastically altered microbial community composition, especially in the rhizosphere. Intriguingly, agro-EMF was primarily predicted by microbial community composition, rather than microbial diversity, with a higher agro-EMF variation explained by the rhizosphere microbiome. In comparison to chemical K fertilizer, GM treatments greatly improved the complexity (58.5%-125.8%) and stability (8.2%-21.5%) of the microbial inter-kingdom network. Correspondingly, GM amendment significantly enriched keystone taxa, including the bacterial taxa Xanthomonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae and Sphingobacteriaceae, the fungal taxon Chaetomiaceae and the protistan taxon Cercozoa in the rhizosphere, of which are closely associated with soil nutrient cycling, plant growth promotion, and disease resistance.
Conclusion
Taken together, our study revealed that green manuring greatly promoted agro-EMF via coordinating soil nutrient cycling, rhizosphere microbiome and microbial network interactions for greater crop yield, disease resistance and soil functions. This study provides critical information on the mechanisms of ecosystem functions maintenance in agro-ecosystems and presents a basis towards developing conservation farming practices for agricultural sustainability.
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Data availability
All raw sequencing data have been submitted to the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database under the accession numbers PRJNA935466 (16S), PRJNA935669 (ITS), and PRJNA935682 (18S).
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Jian-Feng Chen for his assistance in the field work, and Zhang-Yu Zhu, Na Deng and Bao-Min Yao for their help in soil sampling and laboratory work. We are grateful to Chao Xiong and Chang-Chun Zhai for their assistance in data analysis, and James Walter Voordeckers for his suggestion on manuscript writing and help in English polishing. This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (42277289), and the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province, China (2021CXGC010803).
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L.-M.Z., and M.-Y. designed the research; Q.Z., M.Y., L.-B.F., and H.C. lead the field work; Q.Z., and A.-H.G. lead the laboratory work; Q.Z., and A.-H.G. performed data analysis; Q.Z., S.-Y.L., L.-L.H., B. S., and L.-M.Z. wrote the manuscript in close consultation from all authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Zeng, Q., Yin, M., Fu, LB. et al. Green manure substitution for potassium fertilizer promotes agro-ecosystem multifunctionality via triggering interactions among soil, plant and rhizosphere microbiome. Plant Soil 498, 431–450 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-023-06445-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-023-06445-1