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Responses of the fungal-bacterial community and network to surface mulching and nitrogen fertilization in the Loess Plateau

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Abstract

Aims

Surface mulching and nitrogen fertilization in agricultural practices can promote the establishment of soil microbial networks by altering soil physicochemical properties.

Methods

A five-year field experiment and high-throughput sequencing were conducted to study the effects of surface mulching (FM, plastic film mulching; SM, straw mulching; and NM, no mulching) and nitrogen fertilization (N0, without nitrogen fertilization; NU, with nitrogen fertilization) on soil microorganism communities under maize cropping in the Loess Plateau.

Results

Straw mulching significantly increased the soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and microorganism biomass carbon (MBC) concentrations, whereas the plastic film mulching significantly decreased the SOC, DOC, and soil microorganism biomass nitrogen (MBN) concentrations. Surface mulching significantly increased the richness and diversity of the soil bacteria, but had no effect on the soil fungal community. Nitrogen fertilization significantly decreased the bacterial richness, but increased the fungal richness. Surface mulching resulted in a greater abundance of Firmicutes and Methylomirabilota than the treatments lacking mulching. The nitrogen fertilization treatments more greatly increased Proteobacteria and decreased Acidobacteriota, Mortierellomycota, and Glomeromycota in comparison to the treatments lacking N fertilization.

Conclusions

Network analysis showed that plastic mulching and nitrogen fertiliser application increased the complexity of the co-occurrence network by altering the microbial habitat environment (mainly consisting of soil temperature, MBN, DOC, pH and SWC), while straw mulching reduced the complexity of its subsurface network. This study provides a broader microbial basis for surface mulching and N-fertilizing of maize production in the northwest China.

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Data availability

The complete data sets generated in our study have been deposited in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive database under BioProject ID PRJNA953615.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the National Key R & D Program of China (2021YFD1900700), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41671307, 51279197), the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (2022JM-103), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2452022377).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China

    Qiang Liu, Liang Tang, Haoran Sun, Xueqin Kong, Yang Jiao, Wenqi Wu & Yufang Shen

  2. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China

    Qiang Liu, Liang Tang, Haoran Sun, Xueqin Kong, Yang Jiao, Wenqi Wu, Shiqing Li & Yufang Shen

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  1. Qiang Liu
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Liu, Q., Tang, L., Sun, H. et al. Responses of the fungal-bacterial community and network to surface mulching and nitrogen fertilization in the Loess Plateau. Plant Soil 494, 111–126 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-023-06260-8

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