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Seasonal asynchrony in above- and below-ground phenology in a temperate forest: carbon allocation trade-off and plant-microbe interactions

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Abstract

Aim

Understanding seasonal phenology changes in ecosystems is fundamental to modeling and predicting the response of ecosystem functions such as carbon and nitrogen cycling to climate change. Previous studies of cross-phenological studies mainly focused on the above- and below-ground plant parts, but poorly linked to soil microbes.

Method

To address this gap, we synchronously investigated the phenology in canopy leaf (by near-surface remote sensing and high-frequency litterfall), fine root (by sequential soil coring), and soil microbial biomass (by chloroform-fumigation-extraction method) for two years in a temperate deciduous broadleaved forest, and explored the correlations between the three parts of ecosystem.

Results

Root biomass peaked before leaf expansion, but persistently died off during leaf expansion period, suggesting a strong C allocation competition between above- and below-ground parts. The microbial biomass reached a maximum in winter, sharply declined to a minimum during leaf expansion, and recovered after leaf senescence. Moreover, root biomass was remarkedly positively correlated with microbial biomass in the previous, concurrent, and subsequent months, while root necromass and mortality were negatively correlated with microbial biomass in a subsequent month.

Conclusion

The cross-phenological asynchrony indicates a trade-off in carbon allocation between aboveground and belowground tree tissues, and a complex linkage between root dynamics and plant-microbe interactions. The cross-phenological perspective propose a new model for the interactions between aboveground and belowground phenology.

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Data availability

Should the manuscript be accepted, the data supporting the results will be archived freely as a Supporting document.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32171765). The Maoershan Forest Ecosystem Research Station provided field logistic support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China

    Xingchang Wang, Jun Pan, Fan Liu, Hongyang Chen, Zhen Jiao, Shuang Liu & Chuankuan Wang

  2. Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China

    Xingchang Wang, Jun Pan, Hongyang Chen & Chuankuan Wang

  3. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China

    Fan Liu

  4. Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China

    Zhen Jiao

  5. Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150022, China

    Shuang Liu

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  1. Xingchang Wang
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Contributions

XW and CW designed the experiment, ZJ, XW, and SL collected data, XW, FL, and JP performed data analyses. XW and JP wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and all authors contributed substantially to revisions.

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Correspondence to Xingchang Wang or Chuankuan Wang.

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Wang, X., Pan, J., Liu, F. et al. Seasonal asynchrony in above- and below-ground phenology in a temperate forest: carbon allocation trade-off and plant-microbe interactions. Plant Soil 492, 573–586 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-023-06200-6

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