Abstract
Purpose
Oxybenzone has received widespread attention owing to its extensive accumulation in the soil and adverse effects on plant growth. The aim of the study was to verify the potential of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) combined with the use of adenine and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Methylophilus sp. strain FP-6) to enhance the efficiency of oxybenzone removal from the soil, and investigate the interaction between adenine and strain FP-6 that occurred during the phytoremediation process.
Methods
First, we determined whether the presence of adenine stimulated the growth and plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits of strain FP-6, which was isolated in our previous study and demonstrated considerable potential for the degradation of oxybenzone. The combined effects of strain FP-6 and adenine on the growth of tobacco and the efficiency of oxybenzone removal from the soil were then investigated. Furthermore, we evaluated the soil enzyme activities and microbial community composition in tobacco-growing soil containing oxybenzone.
Results
The adenine-FP6 amendment significantly improved photosynthetic efficiency and maintained the ion homeostasis of tobacco, which was destroyed by oxybenzone, thereby promoting the efficiency of phytoremediation of oxybenzone by tobacco (97.99%). Furthermore, a series of hydrolases involved in nutrient cycles and oxidoreductases with high reactivity to phenolic compounds in the soil were significantly up-regulated under this remediation strategy, which might be attributed to the increased relative abundance of some rhizosphere bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium, Agathobacter, and Sphingomonas.
Conclusion
The findings of this study provide an economical and ecological phytoremediation strategy for the efficient remediation of oxybenzone -contaminated soils.
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This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (32171613).
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Wenjing Wang: Investigation, Methodology, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing-original draft. Anran Liu: Resources, Investigation. Xiaoyan Zheng: Resources, Investigation. Xiancao Chen: Methodology, Validation, Review & editing. Wenting Fu: Methodology, Validation, Review & editing. Gang Wang: Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing-review & editing. Jing Ji: Investigation, Resources, Validation, Writing-review & editing. Sheyan Pei: Investigation, Methodology, Writing-review & editing. Chunfeng Guan: Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing-original draft, Writing-review & editing.
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Wang, W., Liu, A., Zheng, X. et al. Combined application of a PGPR strain Methylophilus sp. FP-6 and adenine to enhance the phytoremediation potential of tobacco: oxybenzone remediation, plant response and rhizosphere bacterial community adaptation. Plant Soil 482, 313–332 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05691-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05691-z